基于SWOT分析法下的波兰矿业投资环境分析

本文在研究波兰矿产资源分布及经济发展水平的基础上,利用SWOT分析方法,从政治、经济、劳动力及基础设施等方面,对波兰的矿业投资环境的优势、劣势、机会和风险进行分析。在此基础上构建SWOT矩阵,并提出基于SWOT分析的波兰矿业投资决策,认为投资者应充分利用波兰地理位置优越、矿产资源丰富、矿业技术水平高以及经济状况良好等优势,借助\"一带一路\"建设发展机遇,把握波兰矿业产业政策,同时尽力规避投资风险,做好风险评估和投资预算等工作。     

Using the DRASTIC System to Assess the Vulnerability of Ground Water to Pollution in Mined Areas of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin

Abstract  An attempt was made to use the U.S. EPA DRASTIC ranking system to assess the vulnerability of ground water in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Analysis of the various system components indicate that several DRASTIC factors would have to be modified to consider the effects of mining, subsidence, and ground water rebound.     

Selenium content in selected products of animal origin and estimation of the degree of cover daily Se requirement in Poland

The aim of the study was to determine Se concentration in selected products of animal origin (dairy products, pork, beef, chicken, giblets, fish, eggs) and to estimate the degree to which these products cover daily Se requirement in humans. Selenium concentrations were determined using the spectrofluorometric method. Mean Se concentration in the milk, yoghurt, kefir, and probiotic drinks was 0.020 μg mL⁻¹, 0.010 μg mL⁻¹, 0.012 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.012 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. Selenium concentration in cheese ranged 0.022–0.088 μg g⁻¹ wet weight. The average selenium content of meat ranged from 0.064 (beef) to 0.094 (chicken) μg g⁻¹ w.w. The mean Se content of giblets (liver: 0.307–0.401 μg g⁻¹ w.w.) was significantly ( P  < 0.05) higher than in meat. The concentration of Se depends on fish species and in our study it ranged from 0.136 ± 0.023 (flounder) to 0.282 ± 0.024 μg g⁻¹ w.w. (mackerel). The results obtained show that the analysed food provides 22.8% of the daily selenium requirement. Considering that animal products account for 40–45% of the diet daily selenium intake averages 33–37 μg.     

Towards a hydrogen economy in Poland

The global changes in energy policy, including the increasing contribution of renewable sources of energy to the total output of produced energy and various attempts to introduce advanced energy technologies, and the increasingly efficient use of the energy that had already been emitted are sufficient reasons to discuss Poland's energy policy. The present work features an analysis of the current state of Poland's energy economy and the economic factors that affect the power industry. The tenets of Poland's current energy policy are also presented in the context of hydrogen energy. The possibilities and limitations concerning the transition to hydrogen power in Poland are discussed taking into account a number of aspects, some of which include the degree of development of the electric power infrastructure, the current and future demand for electric energy with regard to the current geopolitical and economic situation of Poland, and Poland's membership in the European Union.     

In vitro-propagated Miscanthus × giganteus plants can be a source of diversity in terms of their chemical composition

Miscanthus × giganteus is a triploid hybrid propagated vegetatively from rhizomes or in a tissue culture, so its clones are characterised by a very low genetic diversity. Giant Miscanthus is cultivated mainly for biomass used as biofuel; depending on its chemical composition, it can be used in many industries. The goal of this work was to determine whether regenerants obtained in tissue culture can be a source of new forms characterised by different biomass yield and energy values as well as by their concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In the study the number and height of stems as well as the dry weight, ash and water mass fraction of biomass were estimated. The study was performed on Miscanthus plants propagated from rhizomes obtained from two different locations in Poland (Zabierzów – Z and Radzików – R), and on regenerants (Iv) obtained from Z plants. The results indicated that somaclonal variation occurs in M. × giganteus cultures and that regenerants show low polymorphic variation compared to donor plants. Plants propagated in an in vitro culture showed the lowest stem height, but the highest number of stems per plant. Dry matter yield was greatest in the R group, while regenerants demonstrated the highest level of hemicellulose fraction and lowest cellulose and lignin concentration. Energy value was the highest for Z plants, but Iv plants showed energy values on the same level as those of R plants. The data suggest that in vitro-propagated plants may be a source of new Miscanthus forms.     

ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF MIDDLE MIOCENE (BADENIAN – SARMATIAN) SOURCE ROCKS AND MATURATION MODELLING IN THE POLISH AND UKRAINIAN SECTORS OF THE EXTERNAL CARPATHIAN FOREDEEP

The Carpathian Foredeep to the north and NE of the Carpathian orogenic belt in SE Poland and NW Ukraine is divided into internal and external sectors. In the narrow internal foredeep, Lower and Middle Miocene shales, sandstones and interbedded evaporites are tightly folded. By contrast the external foredeep is characterized by the presence of a thick, unfolded Middle Miocene molasse succession. This ranges in thickness from a few hundred metres in the north of the external foredeep to >5000 m in the south, near the Carpathian thrust front. Middle Miocene sandstones in the external foredeep form a major reservoir for biogenic gas at fields in Poland and Ukraine. The Middle Miocene molasse succession in the external Carpathian Foredeep also contains organic-rich intervals which have source rock potential. For this paper, core samples (n = 670) of Badenian and Sarmatian mudstones from 43 boreholes in the Polish sector of the external foredeep were analysed to investigate their organic geochemistry and hydrocarbon potential. Results show that the samples analysed in general have low to fair (but locally high) total organic carbon (TOC) contents which range up 4.6 wt.% although the average is only 0.7 wt.%. Rock-Eval (S₁+S₂) values are poor to fair and the hydrogen index is also low with a mean value of less than 100 mg/g TOC. The samples analysed are dominated by gas-prone Type III kerogen and this is consistent with previous studies of time-equivalent samples from the Ukrainian part of the external foredeep. The organic matter is in general thermally immature and is interpreted to have been deposited in anoxic and/or sub-oxic conditions. However in the Polish part of the external foredeep, thermal maturities may locally reach the initial phase of the oil window where the Middle Miocene source rocks have been buried deeply beneath the Carpathian thrust front. The burial history and thermal evolution of the Middle Miocene succession were reconstructed by means of 1-D modelling at nine boreholes located in both the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the external Carpathian foredeep. The modelling indicated that Middle Miocene source rocks have only entered the initial phase of the oil window locally where they are buried beneath the flysch nappes of the Carpathian foldbelt. At these locations the generation of thermogenic gas may have begun at depths of more than 3 km. However, Middle Miocene source rocks are still immature at depths of >4000 m in some boreholes in the Ukrainian part of the study area. The absence of accumulations of thermogenic natural gas is consistent with the observed low levels of source rock maturity.     

波兰矿业法给我国矿业立法的启示

《波兰地质与采矿法》综合运用民法、环保法、矿山安全与卫生法、循环经济法、刑事和行政处罚法于一体，形成了全面管理的法律制度。该制度是以缜密的行政特许为基本形式，将企业矿业活动包括勘探、开采行为作重点对象，由特许机构和其它监督机关的分工配合为管理机关。其立法优势，对我国正在修订的《矿产资源法》很有启示。