铜基粉末冶金产品质量的诊断分析

本文针对某厂铜基粉末冶金产品生产过程中成品率较低的问题,运用随机抽样方法。对其生产工艺进行调查分析,并就改进产品质量提出了建议。对于加强粉末冶金产品质量管理,降低质量成本,提高企业的经济效益具有一定的意义。     

The role of crowdsourcing in product design: The moderating effect of user expertise and network connectivity

To meet the challenges of customization and personalized design in the context of the digital economy, increasing numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are using crowdsourcing platforms to seek product design innovation. While crowdsourcing has significant potential for eliciting product ideas, it remains unclear whether it can generate high-quality designs for relatively more complex product design tasks. Based on a leading social new product development website Quirky.com, we explore the antecedents of a firm's adoption decision of crowdsourcing, the impact of crowdsourcing on product design quality, and the moderating effect of user expertise and network connectivity by utilizing treatment effect model. The results indicate that: (1) crowdsourcing has a significant positive impact on product design quality; (2) user expertise positively moderates the role of crowdsourcing in product design quality; (3) network connectivity has an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on crowdsourcing and product design quality relationship; (4) the probability of firm's crowdsourcing adoption is negatively correlated with the complexity and reliability of initial product idea but positively correlated with popularity, novelty, and numbers of images. This study not only enriches the crowdsourcing and social network theory; but also provides guidance for crowdsourcing platform firms to better manage the crowdsourcing process and user crowdsourcing communities.     

Steering firm performance through innovative capabilities: A contingency approach to innovation management

Today's business environment is filled with fierce competition, rapid technological changes and market uncertainty. For survival, organizations have no option but to embrace innovation both in their processes and product. Performance of innovative capabilities depends on the speed and quality of new product and processes. Contingent resource-based view is used in this study to understand the effect of innovative capabilities on various functional performances. Data was gathered from 115 senior-level managers working in engineering or marketing department of manufacturing firms. PLS-SEM is used for outer and inner measurement model validation. Results of this study reveal that process innovation and product innovation complements each other for improving innovation speed and quality. Moreover, in the case innovative products, manufacturing performance is a key to enhance marketing performance and firm competitive capabilities. This research provides various new insights for the research and development concerns and marketer for developing a successful case of introducing a new product in the market.     

对中小型电机行业现状的分析意见

文章分析了我国中小型电机的行业现状及目前存在的问题,对照欧美市场和产品状况,指出我国未来几年中小型电机的市场走向及重点开发的产品.     

自定义产品模型在保险系统中的应用

介绍保险公司的承保系统不同产品定义的原理,并通过介绍联想智软公司开发的自定义产品的系统模块,阐述了可视化自定义在保险系统中的应用。     

Standardization and modularization driven by minimizing overall process effort

Faster product development is a major goal for companies in competitive markets. Product platform architectures support planning for addressing diverse markets and fulfilling future market desires. Applying standardization or modularization on product platform components leverages current product design effort across future products. This work introduces a method—SMDP (standardization and modularization driven by process effort)—for focusing engineering effort when applying standardization or modularization on product platform components. SMDP calculates the total design effort from current to future generations of the platform following standardization or modularization of components. By comparing the total design cost of different simulations, we can direct the design team to standardization or modularization opportunities. The contribution of this work is in using an estimation of design effort as the basis for decision in contrast to commonly used static measures of components' interactions. Such a computational approach allows conducting sensitivity studies that address the subjective nature of various estimations needed for exercising SMDP. SMDP is illustrated in a product platform design of an external-drum plate-setter for the digital prepress printing market.     

The distribution of sums, products and ratios for Lawrance and Lewis's bivariate exponential random variables

We derive the exact distributions of R=X+Y, P=XY and W=X/(X+Y) and the corresponding moment properties when X and Y follow Lawrence and Lewis's bivariate exponential distribution. The expressions turn out to involve special functions. We also provide extensive tabulations of the percentage points associated with the distributions. These tables—obtained using intensive computing power—will be of use to practitioners of the bivariate exponential distribution.     

Product concept generation and selection using sorting technique and fuzzy c-means algorithm

Product conceptualization is regarded as a key activity in new product development (NPD). In this stage, product concept generation and selection plays a crucial role. This paper presents a product concept generation and selection (PCGS) approach, which was proposed to assist product designers in generating and selecting design alternatives during the product conceptualization stage. In the PCGS, general sorting was adapted for initial requirements acquisition and platform definition; while a fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm was integrated with a design alternatives generation strategy for clustering design options and selecting preferred product concepts. The PCGS deliberates and embeds a psychology-originated method, i.e., sorting technique, to widen domain coverage and improve the effectiveness in initial platform formation. Furthermore, it successfully improves the FCM algorithm in such a way that more accurate clustering results can be obtained. A case study on a wood golf club design was used for illustrating the proposed approach. The results were promising and revealed the potential of the PCGS method.     

产品设计中数字化人文设计的探讨

探讨信息时代的产品设计的特点以及数字化人文对当前产品设计新的要求，通过对老年人群体和大学生群体移动电话的产品设计案例的分析，体现数字化时代产品设计和人文精神的紧密结合，进而提出了工业设计中的产品设计与数字化人文精神的一些建议。     

A functional basis for engineering design: Reconciling and evolving previous efforts

The main objective of this research is to develop a structured methodology to formulate end-of-life strategies, while still encouraging creative thinking. Current practices encourage general rules for a wide variety of products. This research identifies key characteristics that influence appropriate end-of-life strategies, in contrast to the "one-size-fits-all" approach. The research results are divided into two core sections. First, the methodology determines what end-of-life strategy is possible according to the products' technical characteristics. Second, the classification of end-of-life strategies is compared with current industry practice, in order to evaluate and validate the method. The software developed, called the End-of-Life Design Advisor (ELDA), guides product developers to specify appropriate end-of-life strategies. The ability to classify end-of-life strategies enables designers to redesign products that move to end-of-life strategies with lower environmental impact. This paper presents recommendations for designers and product managers for specific end-of-life strategies. By understanding better the end-of-life strategy appropriate for the product, the research results can help designers develop appropriate (and profitable) end-of-life strategies for their unique position, systematically. Putting ELDA results into perspective establishes that improvements in end-of-life are either through design innovation or value chain improvement. Revision received: 23 May 2001 Electronic Publication