高速涡轮钻井技术在扎纳诺尔油田应用实例

国外公司已经研制成功高转速孕镶金刚石钻头,高速涡轮配合孕镶金刚石钻头钻井技术已经成熟。针对哈萨克斯坦扎纳诺尔油田三开井段地层研磨性极强,可钻性差的情况,在T-1井和DZH-1井进行了高速涡轮配合孕镶金刚石钻头钻井试验,旨在提高机械钻速。试验证实,高速涡轮配合孕镶金刚石钻头钻井技术在扎纳诺尔油田三开井段中可以极大提高机械钻速,有效缩短钻井周期,具有良好的推广使用价值。     

龙岗地区12~1/_4英寸泥浆钻进井段机械钻速分析

随着龙岗地区钻探区域的不断扩大,复杂情况越来越多,钻井液钻进井段机械钻速慢的问题较大地制约了全井钻井速度的提高,从而影响了龙岗地区勘探开发进程.通过对龙岗地区两口探井在12~1/_4英寸泥浆钻进井段的分析与比较,从钻头类型、钻井参数、地层情况等几个方面简要解释了井段机械钻速慢的原因,并针对具体层段研究给出了合理的钻进方案.对提高12~1/_4英寸泥浆钻进井段的机械钻速及降低钻井成本具有实际意义.根据钻井中的具体情况,结合经验探讨了确定钻头可靠度寿命的基本方法,对建立精确控制起钻技术有一定的指导意义.     

5×5全长棒束组件通道过冷沸腾工况下均匀与非均匀轴向功率分布对比分析

压水堆燃料组件结构采用正方形排列的棒束形式,本文采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对5×5全长棒束中过冷沸腾传条件下的均匀轴向功率分布（U-APD）和非均匀轴向功率分布（Non-U-APD）工况进行了热工水力性能对比分析。分析结果表明,所采用的壁面沸腾模型、相间作用力界面力模型和气泡尺寸分布模型能够较好地预测5×5全长棒束组件通道过冷沸腾工况的传热过程。通过对比发现Non-U-APD工况下,棒束通道内平均空泡份额起始点较均匀加热工况提前,增长速度较U-APD工况更快。在子通道平均值方面,Non-U-APD工况下角通道末端平均空泡份额要高于U-APD工况,而中心通道基本相同。Non-U-APD工况下,在第5个和第6个搅混格架（MVG）下游,文中所分析的角通道和中心通道的液相质量流速逐渐低于U-APD工况。      

基于融合特征选择算法的钻速预测模型研究

钻速预测是钻井优化的重要组成部分,机器学习算法是当前实现准确钻速预测的重要手段,准确的特征选择是保证机器学习精度的关键途径。基于南海某井眼的实际钻井数据,本文采用一种融合特征选择法从钻井特征参数中选出井径、钻井液出口温度、钻井液入口密度、钻井液出口密度、K值、塑性粘度、滤失量、上覆压力、孔隙压力、和喷嘴等效直径共10种参数。将优选出的参数作为模型输入,引入集成的梯度提升树（Gradient Boosting Decision Tree,GBDT）算法建立机械钻速预测模型。将建立的模型与常规机器学习算法模型进行对比试验。试验结果显示,所提出的融合特征选择算法模型精度较全特征模型高2%,较常用机器学习模型平均高14.5%,该研究为钻井参数的准确、快速寻优提供了有效解决方案,对提高钻进速率具有一定的指导意义和实际应用价值。     

滨173区块优快钻井技术应用

滨173区块机械钻速低,电测易遇阻遇卡,钻井周期和完井周期长,成本高,大大制约了该区块提速提效步伐。为有效提升该区块的钻井指标,提高电测一次成功率,降低成本,通过对该区块地层特点及以往施工经验进行分析和总结,结合现场施工实践,从优选钻头和钻具组合、优化钻井液性能等方面进行应用探索,基本形成了一套适合该区块的优快钻井技术。现场应用实践表明,该优快钻井技术提高了机械钻速,大大缩短了钻井周期,降低了钻井成本,电测均一次成功,对该区块施工具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

Biodegradable poly(ester amide)s – A remarkable opportunity for the biomedical area: Review on the synthesis,characterization and applications

Poly(ester amide)s have emerged in the last years as an important family of biodegradable synthetic polymers. These polymers present both ester and amide linkages in their structure and they gather in the same entity the good degradability of polyesters with the good thermo-mechanical properties of polyamides. Particularly, poly(ester amide)s containing α-amino acids have risen as important materials in the biomedical field. The presence of the α-amino acid contributes to better cell–polymer interactions, allows the introduction of pendant reactive groups, and enhances the overall biodegradability of the polymers.     

ATRP in the design of functional materials for biomedical applications

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is an effective technique for the design and preparation of multifunctional, nanostructured materials for a variety of applications in biology and medicine. ATRP enables precise control over macromolecular structure, order, and functionality, which are important considerations for emerging biomedical designs. This article reviews recent advances in the preparation of polymer-based nanomaterials using ATRP, including polymer bioconjugates, block copolymer-based drug delivery systems, cross-linked microgels/nanogels, diagnostic and imaging platforms, tissue engineering hydrogels, and degradable polymers. It is envisioned that precise engineering at the molecular level will translate to tailored macroscopic physical properties, thus enabling control of the key elements for realized biomedical applications.     

Ring opening polymerization of lactide: kinetics and modeling

The ring opening polymerization (ROP) kinetics of L-lactide was studied in bulk at 150, 160, and 180?°C using stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)₂] catalyst and 1-pyrene butanol co-catalyst. The effect of different parameters namely, time and co-catalyst to catalyst ratio was studied on the properties of polylactide. The experimental results showed high conversion of L-lactide. The kinetics of L-lactide ROP follows the co-ordination insertion mechanism. The experimental results obtained were studied to account for the reversible activation, propagation, termination, and validated by modeling using MATLAB. The model developed successfully predicts the monomer conversion and the kinetics of L-lactide ROP.     

测井资料在钻速预测中的应用研究

在分析了国内外钻速预测研究现状的基础上 ,选择了岩石可钻性法来对胜利油田东营凹陷钻速进行预测研究 ,建立了声波预测钻速的钻速方程 ,并利用现场资料对钻速方程进行了验证 ,同时进行了 2口井的钻速预测 ,预测精度达到 90 %以上。     

衡转矩钻井工具研制

PDC钻头在难钻地层钻进时有“憋跳钻”现象严重、钻头机械钻速低、单只钻头进尺低等问题。研制了一种衡转矩钻井工具,该工具采用弹簧+螺旋导向机构的机械传动方式,实时存储、释放钻井转矩能量; 通过对钻头的破岩能量实时优化,实现了钻井转矩波动的“消峰填谷”,平稳钻进。试验结果表明,衡转矩钻井工具设计合理、性能可靠,可满足直井和定向井工程需求,能够有效减少钻井转矩波动、提高钻头进尺及机械钻速。