Radial gas mixing in a fluidized bed using response surface methodology

Radial gas mixing in a fluidized bed was studied using response surface methodology (RSM), which enables effect examinations of parameters with a moderate number of experiments. All experiments were conducted in a 0.29-m ID fluidized-bed cold model. The gas dispersion process within the bed is described using the dispersed plug flow model. Pure carbon dioxide was used as the tracer gas, continuously injected into the center of the bed by a point source. The downstream radial tracer concentration profile was measured using a gas chromatograph.The radial gas dispersion coefficient, D_r, was well correlated with operating parameters and the particle and gas properties: (U−U_mf)/U_mf, H_s/d_b, φ_d, and Ar, with a determination coefficient R² of 0.966. Effect test indicates that the dimensionless characteristic velocity, (U−U_mf)/U_mf, has the most significant influence on D_r, while the static bed height to bed diameter ratio, H_s/d_b, is less remarkable. The interactions of (U−U_mf)/U_mf with the distributor open-area ratio, φ_d, and with the Archimedes number, Ar, both play important roles. An evolutive response surface model was proposed to describe the radial gas mixing in the bubbling/slugging fluidization regimes.     

气固下行流化床反应器Ⅱ气固两相的流动规律

气固下行流化床反应器气固两相流动过程是比较复杂的，沿轴向气固两相运动可分为第一加速、第二加速和恒速３个运动段，沿径向局部气体速度、颗粒速度和颗粒浓度都具有不同程度的不均匀性。而这种不均匀性是由气固两相顺重力场湍动运动所决定的。和循环床提升管相比，下行管反应器气固两相沿径向分布的不均匀性得到有效地改善，气固可以实现超短接触操作，因而是一种新型高效气固超短接触反应器     

基于SVM和RBFN的汽车主动降噪系统传感器故障诊断

汽车主动降噪系统的工作依赖于多个噪声传感器,一旦传感器发生故障,将严重影响降噪效果。为保证汽车主动降噪系统的性能,提出了由支持向量机(SVM)预测模型和径向基神经网络(RBFN)预测模型构成的传感器故障诊断系统,SVM模型判断是否发生传感器故障,RBFN模型则利用各传感器间的信息冗余关系定位故障传感器并对其信号进行重构。仿真结果表明,该诊断系统可有效实现汽车主动降噪系统中的传感器故障诊断及信号重构。与传统的汽车主动降噪系统相比,引入传感器故障诊断系统可保证更稳定的降噪性能。     

Liquid Radial Dispersion in Liquid-solid Circulating Fluidized Beds with Viscous Liquid Medium

Liquid dispersion in the radial direction was investigated in the riser of a viscous liquid-solid fluidized bed 0.102 m in diameter and 3.5 m in height. Pressure fluctuations in the riser were also measured and analyzed to examine the behavior of fluidized particles. Effects of liquid velocity (0.15-0.45 m/s), solid circulation rate (2-8 kg/m²s), particle size (1-3 mm), and liquid viscosity (0.96-38 mPas) on pressure fluctuations and the liquid radial dispersion coefficient were determined. The infinite space model was employed to obtain the radial dispersion coefficient from the radial concentration profiles of the tracer. The pressure fluctuations were analyzed by means of autocorrelation coefficient as well as power spectral density function. The dominant frequency obtained from the autocorrelation coefficient or power spectral density function of pressure fluctuations decreases with increasing liquid viscosity or liquid velocity, but it increases with increasing particle size. The liquid radial dispersion coefficient decreases with increasing liquid velocity or viscosity, but it increases as the solid circulation rate or particle size increases. The liquid radial dispersion coefficient is related closely to the resultant behavior of fluidized particles. The radial dispersion coefficient has been well correlated with operating variables in terms of dimensionless groups.     

传统文化与流行文化在思想道德修养与法律基础课中的应用

思想道德修养与法律基础课是对大学生进行思想道德和法律教育的主渠道。为应对思想价值观念多元化对该课程的政治功能和教育功能带来的冲击,提高其教学的针对性和实效性,应重视流行文化的积极影响和传统文化的基本精神的完美结合,深入分析其教学地位和传统文化、流行文化的内涵,探讨传统文化与流行文化的育人功能,着力在教学内容、教学方式、教学理念方面深化改革,从而提升大学生的人文综合素养。     

Modeling of time to corrosion-induced cover cracking in reinforced concrete structures

Service life of the concrete structures depends on the protective action provided by the cover concrete against the susceptibility of the reinforcement to the corrosive environment. Depending on the level of the oxidation of metallic iron, corrosion products may have much greater volume than the original iron that gets consumed by the process of corrosion. This volume expansion is mainly responsible for exerting the expansive radial pressure at the steel-concrete interface and development of hoop tensile stresses in the surrounding concrete resulting ultimately in the through cracking of the cover concrete. This cover cracking would indicate the loss of the service life for the corrosion-affected structures. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to develop analytical models for predicting the time to cover cracking by considering the residual strength of the cracked concrete and the stiffness provided by the combination of the reinforcement and expansive corrosion products. The problem is modeled as a boundary value problem wherein the governing equations are expressed in terms of the radial displacement and the analytical solutions are presented considering a simple 2-zone model for the cover concrete viz. cracked or uncracked. The analytical models are then evaluated through their ability to reproduce available experimental trends and subsequently a sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to show the influence of the various variable parameters of the proposed models with reference to the experimental trends.     

Energetic surface heterogeneity of nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving significant attention because they have many advantages compared to conventional organic solar cells. It has been known that the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC are highly dependent on the adsorption properties of dyes on TiO₂ films. To analyze the surface heterogeneity of TiO₂ surfaces, single-phase anatase nanocrystallite titanium films were prepared by sol-gel method using the hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide under acidic condition and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption energy distribution functions were calculated by the generalized nonlinear regularization method. It was found that the shape and the intensity of the adsorption energy distribution curve determined were highly related with the physical properties (i.e., geometrical heterogeneity) and chemical characteristics (i.e., energetic heterogeneity) of nanocrystalline TiO₂ for DSSC.     

基于RBF神经网络优化的装备保障系统效能评估

针对现有装备保障系统效能评估方法存在依赖专家经验、主观性强等问题,提出一种基于径向基函数（RBF）神经网络优化的装备保障系统效能评估方法。通过完备交叉与预变异策略对遗传算法（GA）进行改进,利用改进的GA对RBF神经网络中心、宽度及输出权值进行全局寻优,并采用优化的RBF神经网络实现装备保障系统效能评估。仿真结果表明,该方法相比AGA-RBF和GA-RBF评估方法能更准确地评估装备保障系统效能值,并且可在一定程度上降低评估过程中主观因素的影响,确保评估结果更客观真实。     

无服务器平台资源调度综述

无服务器(Serverless)计算正成为部署云应用程序的一种具有广阔发展前景的范式。其实现了一种真正的现收现付的计费方式,并且不会浪费资源。开发人员无需担心计算平台的底层细节,只需在处理请求或事件时付费,从而降低了开发人员的门槛。无服务器模式的转变虽然带来了机遇,但也带来了平台函数冷启动延迟、资源利用不足等问题。为此,文中对无服务器计算平台的资源调度技术做了深入的调查和分析,重点阐述了面向资源利用、响应时间延迟以及多目标优化的无服务器平台资源调度的技术原理和相关研究现状,并在此基础上分析总结并指明了无服务器平台资源调度未来的主要研究方向:即面向不同应用类型负载的调度优化、响应时间与资源利用率的折衷调度、虚拟机与无服务器平台的联合调度以及无服务器资源调度的混合算法。     

从呈贡区文体中心浅析公共建筑的功能和消防设计

公共建筑是供人们进行公共活动的建筑,种类繁多,以体型复杂、功能多样著称。通过对呈贡区文体活动中心建设项目的剖析,讨论了公共建筑的功能以及消防的设计难点和重点。