相控线阵技术在套管井声波测井地层信息测量中的应用

将相控线阵技术引入到套管井声波测井中,对不同胶结状况下相控线阵声源激发的全波波形进行了数值计算。利用时间—慢度相关法对计算结果进行的分析表明:利用相控线阵声源作为发射器可以明显提高全波波形的信噪比。当Ⅰ、Ⅱ界面均胶结良好时,在满足地层滑行纵波同相位叠加的条件下,随着相控线阵声源阵元个数的增加,地层滑行纵波的幅度基本呈线性增加;在Ⅰ、Ⅱ界面胶结性较差时,相控声源与单个点声源相比,可大大增强地层波的能量,有利于在套管井中进行地层声学性质的可靠性测量。     

地层自然造斜特性的测井评价方法研究

地层可钻性各向异性及造斜特性评价对定向钻井和直井防斜均具有重要意义。用数理统计的方法分析了垂直于层面和平行于层面岩石可钻性的相关关系,用垂直于层面岩石可钻性的评价方法评价了平行于层面岩石可钻性,由此导出根据垂直于层面岩石的可钻性评价地层可钻性各向异性的模型。根据声波在横观各向同性介质中的传播规律,建立了利用测井资料反演岩石的各向异性参数进而求取垂直于层面声波波速的方法。由垂直于层面方向的声波速度计算出垂直于岩石层面方向的岩石可钻性,从而可以对地层可钻性各向异性及造斜特性进行评价。对塔里木油田克拉苏地区的造斜特性的评价结果表明:用该方法评价出的地层可钻性各向异性及造斜特性能正确反映被评价地层的特性。     

杯[4]芳烃烷基醚磺酸钠的合成与表面性能

以对叔丁基苯酚、甲醛、苯酚、无水三氯化铝、浓硫酸、正溴代烷等为原料,经缩聚、脱烷基化、磺化和醚化反应,合成了一系列水溶性杯[4]芳烃烷基醚磺酸钠(烷基分别为—C4H9,—C6H13,—C8H17,—C10H21,化合物依次命名为1-C4,1-C6,1-C8,1-C10)。借用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,表征了中间体和最终试样结构。用染料法对试样进行了表征,表明试样均为负离子表面活性剂。用滴体积法测定表面活性剂水溶液25℃时的表面张力,各试样分别能将水的表面张力降至32.06,34.96,42.35,45.35 mN/m;临界胶束浓度分别为1.26×10-3,0.32×10-3,1.78×10-3,1.20×10-3mol/L。     

Time stepping finite element analysis of a variable speed synchronous generator with rectifier

Several applications for renewable energy conversion make use of variable speed generators. A conversion from variable frequency to grid frequency is therefore essential. One part of the converter is a rectifier. A rectifier model is presented, which is integrated in a time stepping finite element simulation environment where the generator and circuit equations are solved simultaneously. The model handles bidirectional alternator speeds as the application is a linear generator for ocean wave energy conversion. The rectifier model is extended with a load model, consisting of R, L and E, and simulations show what impact the rectifier has on the generator’s behaviour.     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis to predict the effects of SAW process parameters on temperature distribution and angular distortions in single-pass butt joints with top and bottom reinforcements

Achieving adequate top and bottom reinforcement is important to minimize angular distortions in single-pass submerged arc welded (SAW) butt joints. This is achieved in the present work by using a reusable flux-filled backing strip and proper SAW process parameters without resorting to costly distortion mitigation techniques. The butt joints were made without edge (square butts) preparation. The process was also modeled by using three-dimensional finite element analysis by incorporating the top and bottom reinforcements into the modeling. Filler material deposition was also simulated. Temperature distributions and angular distortions obtained from the modeling closely matched with the experimental values. Thus, the cost effective experimental methodology established in the present work can be utilized for minimizing angular distortions in SAW square butts. The modeling methodology adopted can be used for predicting the angular distortions in SAW square butts with top and bottom reinforcements.     

An innovative approach for demand side management—optimal chiller loading by simulated annealing

This investigation attempts to solve the optimal chiller loading (OCL) problem by utilizing simulated annealing (SA). SA eliminates the limitation that the Lagrangian method cannot solve OCL because the kW-PLR curves simultaneously include convex functions and non-convex functions. This study fully addresses the load balance constraint and chiller operating limits. The case study analysis demonstrates that this method solves the Lagrangian problem and generates highly accurate results. The proposed approach can be applied perfectly to the operation of air conditioning systems.     

Free convection performance of circular cavities having two active curved vertical sides and two inactive curved horizontal sides

A detailed review of the archival reveals that the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of circular cavities have not been investigated so far and of course their physical features are not understood. A prominent application of these cavities arises in the miniaturized packaging of electronic components that are subject to strict constraints. This paper addresses primarily steady-state laminar natural convection of air in a circular cavity of diameter H inscribed in a square cavity of side H where the corresponding sides are in contact at four points. A third cavity, an arc–square cavity whose shape lies between the square and circular cavity shapes is included in the analysis. The finite volume method is used to perform the numerical simulations. The methodology takes into account the second-order-accurate QUICK scheme for the discretization of the convective term, whereas the pressure–velocity coupling is handled with the SIMPLE scheme. Since the air is not assumed a Boussinesq gas, it was decided to take all thermophysical properties as temperature-dependent. In the end, it has been demonstrated that the circular cavity possesses a superior balance between heat transfer enhancement and size in cross-section area in comparison with the standard square cavity. The side of the square cavity is similar to the diameter of the circular cavity.     

The inverse design of the wind turbine blade sections by the singularities method

The aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines are closely related to the geometry of their blades. The innovation and the technological development of wind turbine blades can be centred on two tendencies. The first is to improve the shape of existing blades; the second is to design new shapes of blades. The aspiration in the two cases is to achieve an optimal circulation and hence enhancing some more ambitious aerodynamic characteristics. This paper presents an inverse design procedure, which can be adapted to both thin and thick wind turbine blade sections aiming to optimise the geometry for a prescribed distribution of bound vortices. A method for simulating the initial contour of the blade section is exposed, which simultaneously satisfy the aerodynamic and geometrical constraints under nominal conditions. A detailed definition of the function characterising the bound vortex distribution is presented. The inviscid velocity field and potential function distributions are obtained by the singularities method. In the design method implemented, these distributions and the circulation of bound vortices on the camber line of the blade profile, are used to rectify its camber in an iterative calculation leading to the final and optimal form of the blade section once convergence is attained. The scheme proposed has been used to design the entire blade of the wind turbine for a given span-wise distribution of bound circulation around the blade contour.     

基于神经网络和混合遗传算法的凝汽器真空优化控制

利用人工神经网络进行凝汽器真空建模,然后采用混合遗传算法对运行工况寻优,以获得各种工况下凝汽器的最佳运行方式。通过对某电厂的300MW机组现场热态试验与计算,表明该方法可以指导运行人员进行凝汽器真空的优化调整。     

Shape optimization of inclined ribs as heat transfer augmentation device

This work presents numerical optimization techniques for the design of a rectangular channel with inclined ribs toenhance turbulent heat transfer.The response surface method with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis isused for optimization.Shear stress transport turbulence model is used as a turbulence closure.Computational re-sults for local heat transfer rate show a reasonable agreement with the experimental data.Width-to-rib height ratioand attack angle of the rib are chosen as design variables.The objective function is defined as a linear combina-tion of heat-transfer and friction-loss related terms with the weighting factor.Full-factorial experimental designmethod is used to determine the data points.Optimum shapes of the channel have been obtained in a range of theweighting factor.