Perceptually Grounded Language Learning: Part 2—DETE: A Neural/Procedural Model

In Part 1 of this two-part series, we introduced Katamic memory—a neural network architecture capable of robust sequence learning and recognition. In Part 2, we introduce the Blobs World taskjdomain for language learning and describe the DETE language learning system, which is composed of over 50 Katamic memory modules. DETE currently learns small subsets of English and Spanish via association with perceptual! motor inputs. In addition to Kaiamic memory, DETE employs several other novel features: (1) use of feature planes, to encode visual shapes, spatial relationships and the motions of objects, (2) phase-locking of neural firing, in order to represent focus of atention and to bind objects across multiple feature planes, and (3) a method for encoding temporal relationships, so that DETE can learn utterances involving the immediate past and future. We compare DETE to related models and discuss the implications of this approach for language-learning research.     

陶瓷涂层的力学性能测试

机械损伤是否产生取决于损伤驱动力及损伤抗力 ,对于陶瓷涂层而言 ,区别于单质固体的是 ,其损伤驱动力及损伤抗力二者都与材料本身相关 ,二者都受涂层与基体材料间的热学及力学匹配、涂层与基体材料的弹塑性性能、涂层的厚度及显微组织、以及涂层与基体界面的粗糙度等因素的影响。因此 ,涂层的热—机械行为的完整表征必须借助于基于破坏机制的损伤图才能完成。这种损伤图将相关参数有机地结合在一起 ,从而定出损伤安全区。而建立这种损伤图 ,必须有可靠的实验技术以测定涂层及界面的断裂韧性。而这种测试技术仍处于发展阶段 ,迄今并无完善的方法。作者正在研究及发展的多应变开裂及失稳试验 ,可能是目前最为简便易行而可靠的方法。本文略述测试与损伤图相关的参数的试验方法。     

Characterization of deformation stability of in-situ TiB2/6351 composites during hot compression based on Murty criterion

In situ TiB2 reinforced 6351 Al alloy composites were subjected to compression testing at strain rates and temperatures ranging from 0.001 to 10 s -1 and from 300 to 550℃,respectively,using Gleeble-1500D system.And the associated microstructural transformations and instability phenomena were studied by observations of the optical and transmission electron microscope.The power dissipation efficiency and instability parameter were calculated following the dynamic material model and plotted with the temperatur...     

Tribo-oxidation maps for Ti against steel

A fundamental study of wear transition regimes was carried out for a pin-on-disk sliding couple, involving titanium and steel. The sliding speed was varied from 0.38 to 1.5 m s⁻¹ and the normal load from 10 to 50 N. Wear mapping approaches have been undertaken to represent the transitions in wear modes and wear mechanisms regimes, as a function of applied normal loads and sliding speeds and for both pin and disc separately on the basis of experimental results. Dry sliding wear behaviour of steel was characterized by tribo-oxidative wear with high material transfer from the titanium. In contrast, adhesive wear was more prevalent for the titanium and oxidative wear mechanisms led to formation of non-protective films on the surface.     

八碳烯分离过程的脱水研究

本文运用残余曲线图对八碳烯分离过程进行了分析研究,提出了采用非均相共沸精馏的方法脱除待分离物系中的水的新工艺。研究结果表明,该方法即节省了原工艺中脱水所需的一些设备,又降低了分离能耗,并且可大幅度提高脱水效率,改善产品质量。     

Development of High Strength and Toughness Non-Heated Al–Mg–Si Alloys for High-Pressure Die-Casting

Based on the 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal experiment method, compositional effects of Mg, Si, and Ti addition on the microstructures, tensile properties, and fracture behaviors of the high-pressure die-casting Al-x Mg-y Si-z Ti alloys have been investigated. The analysis of variance shows that both Mg and Si apparently infl uence the tensile properties of the alloys, while Ti does not. The tensile mechanical properties are comprehensively infl uenced by the amount of eutectic phase(α-Al + Mg_2Si), the average grain size, and the content of Mg dissolved into α-Al matrix. The optimized alloy is Al-7.49 Mg-3.08 Si-0.01 Ti(wt%), which exhibits tensile yield strength of 219 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 401 MPa, and elongation of 10.5%. Furthermore, contour maps, showing the relationship among compositions, microstructure characteristics, and the tensile properties are constructed, which provide guidelines for developing high strength and toughness Al–Mg–Si–Ti alloys for high-pressure die-casting.     

基于BP神经网络和3D加工图的Ti2041合金的热变形行为研究

通过热压缩实验研究了Ti2041合金的流动行为。利用BP神经网络建立的合金本构模型,具有较高的精度,其相关系数达到0.99613,平均相对误差为4.498%,预测值偏差在10%以内的数据点达92.98%。在实验数据的基础上,研究了应变速率敏感因子、功率耗散和失稳参数。建立了加工图,通过加工图的预测和显微组织观察,失稳区主要为局部流动（650~775℃/0.056~1s-1）和机械失稳（825~900℃/0.056~1s-1）,稳定区的变形机制主要为动态再结晶。结果表明：合适的变形参数为：变形温度760~825℃/825~900℃,应变速率0.001~0.01s-1/0.0032~0.056s-1。     

Selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of pure Al,Al–Mg,and Al–Si powders: Effect of processing conditions and powder properties

Selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing difficulties of aluminium powders had been attributed to issues associated with laser–materials interaction only while neglecting the role of powder properties. This study provides a wholistic understanding of factors that influence the development of SLS/SLM processing window, densification, and microstructure of pure Al, Al–Mg, and Al–Si powders, fabricated in single and multiple layer parts by exploring the roles of processing and material parameters. It was demonstrated that similarities existing in the SLS/SLM processing maps of the powders could be attributed to similarities in their packing densities with the alloying addition of magnesium and silicon having no predominant effect on their processing maps’ boundaries. Rather, alloying addition has significant effect on the nature of the evolved surface morphology of SLS/SLM processed aluminium powders in their processing windows. In addition, the flow and solidification behaviour of the melt pool of the powders during single layer scan was strongly influenced by the particle morphology and oxygen content of the powders as well as applied energy density. The energy density in the range of 12–16 J/mm² was found to be the threshold below which SLS was predominant and above which SLM occurred for the investigated powders. Moreover, successful oxide disruption phenomena which is necessary for inter-particulate coalescence in multi-layered SLS/SLM processed aluminium powders are found to be mainly controlled by the amount of oxide in the as-received powder, the degree of the uniformity of the distribution of the surface oxide film covering the aluminium particles, the nature of thermal mismatch existing between the oxide film and the parent aluminium particle which was dependent on the phase present in the oxide film. Al–12 wt% Si powder is hereby affirmed as a suitable candidate material for SLS/SLM process due to its low thermal expansion and uniform distribution of its surface oxide films as well as the mullite phase in its oxide film.     

The value of a desk study for building a national river obstacle inventory

This study evaluates two desk‐based approaches for building an inventory of man‐made river obstacles. The creation of a river obstacle inventory is a vital first step in developing a prioritization process for obstacle removal and/or modification. In this study, a desktop geographical information system analysis of two rivers and their tributary network was undertaken, using two different approaches. The first involved analysing historical maps, satellite imagery, and Ordnance Survey Ireland Discovery Series maps and producing a geo‐referenced layer of all the potential river obstacles. The second involved developing a geo‐referenced layer of potential river obstacles based on the intersections between elements of the transport network (roads and railways) and river systems. To determine the effectiveness of the desk studies, the located obstacles were cross‐referenced with actual obstacles verified through a field survey. The desk studies identified several thousand potential obstacles. The study utilizing a range of maps consistently located a greater number of actual obstacles than the desk study based on intersections between the transport and river networks. The results indicate that desk‐based research offers an efficient and effective method for locating river obstacles and can guide subsequent field surveys aimed at confirming the presence of obstacles. This is particularly useful for eliminating from study large stretches of rivers that would otherwise need to be walked to confirm the presence, or otherwise, of potential river obstacles. In this regard, desk‐based exercises can offer opportunities to save on both time and cost in larger river assessments.     

Modern strategies for protein quantification in proteome analysis: advantages and limitations

Over the last 3 years, a number of mass spectrometry-based methods for the simultaneous identification and quantification of individual proteins within complex mixtures have been reported. Most, if not all, of such strategies apply a two-step approach: the first for the separation of proteins or peptides, and the second uses mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the individual components. To simplify the outcome of both steps, certain chemicals and heavy-isotope-labeling are commonly used in the early stages of sample preparation (except in differential fluorescence labeling protocols). The ultimate goal of these strategies is to be able to identify every protein expressed in a cell or tissue, and to determine each protein's abundance, state of modification, and possible involvement in multi-protein complexes. In this review, an attempt is made to highlight the salient characteristics of the existing strategies with particular attention to their strengths and weaknesses.