Novel Therapies for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

The most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults is diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL). There is a historical unmet need for more effective therapies in the 2nd and 3rd line setting. Emerging immunochemotherapies have shown activity in small studies of heavily pre-treated patients with prolonged remissions achieved in some patients. Anti-CD19 CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cells are potentially curative in the 3rd line and beyond setting and are under investigation in earlier lines of therapy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC’s) such as polatuzumab vedotin targeting the pan-B-cell marker CD79b has proven effectiveness in multiply-relapsed DLBCL patients. Tafasitamab (MOR208) is an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody producing prolonged remissions when combined with Lenalidomide (LEN) in patients who were not candidates for salvage chemotherapy or autologous stem cell transplant. Selinexor, an oral, small-molecule selective inhibitor of XPO1-mediated nuclear export (SINE), demonstrated prolonged activity against heavily-pretreated DLBCL without cumulative toxicity and is being investigated as part of an oral, chemotherapy-free regimen for relapsed aggressive lymphoma. This article reviews current strategies and novel therapies for relapsed/refractory DLBCL.     

Superior mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of lightweight AlxCrNbVMo refractory high-entropy alloys(x = 0, 0.5,1.0) fabricated by the powder metallurgy process

Light and strong AlxCrNbVMo(x=0,0.5,and 1.0) refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs) were designed and fabricated via a the powder metallurgical process.The microstructure of the AlxCrNbVMo alloys consisted of a single BCC crystalline structure with a sub-micron grain size of 2-3 μm,and small amounts(4 vol.%) of fine oxide dispersoids.This homogeneous microstructure,without chemical segregation or micropores was achieved via high-energy ball milling and spark-plasma sintering.The alloys exhibited superior mechanical properties at 25 and 1000℃ compared to those of other RHEAs.Here,CrNbVMo alloy showed a yield strength of 2743 MPa at room temperature.Surprisingly,the yield strength of the CrNbVMo alloy at 1000℃ was 1513 MPa.The specific yield strength of the CrNbVMo alloy was increased by 27 % and 87 % at 25 and 1000℃,respectively,compared to the AlMo_(0.5) NbTa_(0.5)TiZr RHEA,which exhibited so far the highest specific yield strength among the cast RHEAs.The addition of Al to CrNbVMo alloy was advantageous in reducing its reduce density to below 8.0 g/cm~3,while the elastic modulus decreased due to the much lower elastic modulus of Al compared to that of the CrNbVMo alloy.Quantitative analysis of the strengthening contributions,showed that the solid solution strengthening,arising from a large misfit effect due to the size and modulus,and the high shear modulus of matrix,was revealed to predominant strengthening mechanism,accounting for over 50 % of the yield strength of the AlxCrNbVMo RHEAs.     

德士古水煤浆加压气化装置应用技术总结

结合德士古水煤浆加压气化技术的生产实践情况．从工艺流程及主要生产指标、运行情况与德士古公司工艺软件包（ＰＤＰ）中的数据进行了对比．主要工艺指标均高于原设计值，系统开工率也逐步提高。还介绍了在近两年的主要技术改造工作，优化了工艺生产系统及国产化耐火砖与进口砖使用情况及价格方面的对比，阐明了系统中存在的问题以及如何改进。     

短流程炼钢工艺用耐火材料

简述了电炉短流程工艺的特点，介绍了超高功率电炉、LF精炼炉及连铸中间包各部位用耐火材料的选择与应用。实践表明，超高功率电炉一精炼炉一连铸用耐火材料已完全国产化，国产耐火材料取得了良好的使用效果。     

Elaboration and characterization of a refractory based on Algerian kaolin

A refractory material was elaborated from kaolin extracted from the region of Djebel Debbagh (Algeria). Kaolin grog was obtained by calcination at a temperature of 1350 °C during 1 h. It was used as aggregates with granulometric distribution composed of fine fraction (mean grain size: 100–250 μm) and coarse fraction (mean grain size: 1000–2500 μm). Crude kaolin (size < 75 μm) was also used as a binder with an amount representing 15% of the dry material. After a 9.28% moistening and a rotting of 1 day, cylindrical samples were shaped by uniaxial pressure at 80 MPa. The samples were submitted to a natural drying during 24 h, a stoving at 100 °C and a calcination at 600 °C during 1 h. They were fired at high temperatures between 1250 and 1450 °C.

An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the refractory samples are composed of mullite and silica. Silica is a mixture of a vitreous phase and cristobalite at 1300, 1350 and 1400 °C and becomes completely amorphous when the samples are fired at higher temperature (1450 °C). The sample porosity is about 30%. The mechanical tests carried out as a function of temperature revealed different behaviours of the material. From the ambient up to 600 °C, the refractory behaviour is pseudo-plastic caused by micro-cracking. Between 700 and 900 °C, the samples become more rigid. At 1000 °C, the material exhibits a visco-plastic behaviour. The amorphous phase governs the sample properties variation with temperature increasing. Its content varies between 28% and 34% according to the firing temperature. Thermal shock tests realized in water showed that the refractory samples present good thermal shock resistance.     

中国钢铁工业用耐火材料的技术发展

对"九五”期间钢铁工业用耐火材料的技术发展进行了总结与评述;提出了今后耐火材料科技发展的主要方向.     

熔融还原熔体对耐火材料侵蚀的试验研究

考察了耐火材料在铁浴式熔融还原过程中的使用效果，测试并分析了不同耐火材料的侵蚀速率、组成及结构变化特征和侵蚀特征，提出了熔融还原终还原炉熔池耐火材料选择方案。     

Nanoindentation and tribology of VC,NbC and ZrC refractory carbides

Deformation, damage and wear characteristics of spark plasma sintered VC, NbC and ZrC refractory carbides have been investigated using nanoindentation, tribology and micro/macro − indentation tests. Fractography, using SEM, AFM and confocal microscopy, was used for the characterization of deformation and damage mechanisms. Considerable indentation load − size effect was found in all systems with hardness values from 30 to 36 GPa to 13–17 GPa corresponding to the applied loads of 1 mN and 100 N, respectively. During nanoindentation, characteristic stress-drops were observed on hardness-displacement profiles of NbC and ZrC at depth region of 15–30 nm while this was not typical in VC. The highest coefficient of friction was measured for NbC with a value of 0.45 and the lowest for ZrC with an average value of 0.3. The wear rate of the NbC, and VC was similar, approximately 3 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/Nm only the wear rate of ZrC was larger, approximately 2 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/Nm.     

Revisiting CA6 formation in cement-bonded alumina-spinel refractory castables

This work revisits the proposed mechanisms presented in the literature for CA₆ formation in Al₂O₃-MgO and Al₂O₃-MgAl₂O₄ castables bonded with calcium aluminate cement. New experimental tests, thermodynamic simulations and re-evaluation of the chemical composition and microstructural aspects observed for samples fired in the temperature range of 1150 °C to 1500 °C were carried out. Based on these data, a new interpretation of the CA₆ generation process, as well as the features which influence the location and morphology of this phase were proposed. CA₆ formation via solid and liquid states are suggested to take place in all evaluated compositions, where the former (solid-state) is the main reaction predicted for the silica-free refractories (AM0MS and AS0MS), whereas the liquid-state one prevails in the AM1MS and AS1MS materials. The CA₆ crystal morphology should be affected by these different reaction mechanisms. According to the experimental results, it was also discussed the role of the calcium hexaluminate features in the overall corrosion behavior of the designed refractories when they were placed in contact with molten slag at high temperatures. Such aspects have not been previously reported in published papers related to this subject.     

60kA铝电解槽阴极侧部结构的改进

本文对60kA铝电解槽阴极侧部的耐火砖墙结构提出了一种改进方法,分析了这种方法的技术可行性及其对阴极寿命产生的有利作用。认为将阴极侧部的耐火砖墙结构改为耐热混凝土结构是预防阴极侧部破损、提高阴极寿命的有效途径。