基于隐马尔可夫模型的自动人脸识别方法

基于DCT系数的伪二维隐马尔可夫人脸模型(P2D HMM)由于更好的利用了人脸图像 的二维统计特性,所以与基于KLT系数的一维隐马尔可夫人脸模型相比,识别效果更好,但是结构复 杂、运算量大。一维隐马尔可夫模型(1D HMM)表现二维人脸存在不足,但训练识别比较简单。综合 考虑二者的优缺点,结合支持向量机(SVM)对静态数据识别效率明显的长处,建立了SVM和HMM 的混合人脸识别模型。采用独立分量分析(ICA)的方法提取人脸区域的特征,作为SVM的输入。在 ORL人脸库中,测试基于SVM/HMM的人脸识别方法,实验结果表明该方法在获得与P2D HMM相应 的识别率的前提下,结构简单,运算量小。     

Assessing a requirements evolution approach: Empirical studies in the air traffic management domain

Requirements evolution is still a challenging problem in engineering practices. In this paper, we report the results of the empirical evaluation of a novel approach for modeling and reasoning on evolving requirements. We evaluated the effectiveness of the approach in modeling requirements evolution by means of a series of empirical studies in the air traffic management (ATM) domain. As we also wanted to assess whether the knowledge of the method and/or the application domain influences the effectiveness of the approach, the studies involved researchers, master students and domain experts with different level of knowledge of the approach and of the ATM domain. The participants have applied the approach to a real evolutionary scenario which focuses on the introduction of a new queue management tool, the Arrival MANager (AMAN) and a new network for information sharing (SWIM) connecting the main ATM actors. The results from the studies show that the modeling approach is effective in capturing requirements evolution. In addition, domain knowledge and method knowledge do not have an observable effect on the effectiveness of the approach. Furthermore, the evaluation provided us useful insights on how to improve the modeling approach.     

投标文件的编制方法与技巧

投标文件的编制工作是投标工作的基础，对于编制人员的要求越来越高，编制人员要尽可能提高自身的专业素质，适应企业发展的需要。本文介绍了招标文件编制存在的问题以及编制的重要性，最后重点介绍招标文件的编制方法与技巧。     

建设工程招标文件不公平的表现形式及对策研究

招标文件中出现的不公平现象,严重影响建设工程招投标活动的正常开展。分析招标文件中的对号入座、量身订做等七种不公平的表现形式,厘清公平原则的内涵,提出避免不公平出现的措施和办法,以维护公平公正的招投标市场秩序,真正维护投标人利益。     

An analysis of the transition proportion for binarization in handwritten historical documents

In this paper, we will present a mathematical analysis of the transition proportion for the normal threshold (NorT) based on the transition method. The transition proportion is a parameter of NorT which plays an important role in the theoretical development of NorT. We will study the mathematical forms of the quadratic equation from which NorT is computed. Through this analysis, we will describe how the transition proportion affects NorT. Then, we will prove that NorT is robust to inaccurate estimations of the transition proportion. Furthermore, our analysis extends to thresholding methods that rely on Bayes rule, and it also gives the mathematical bases for potential applications of the transition proportion as a feature to estimate stroke width and detect regions of interest. In the majority of our experiments, we used a database composed of small images that were extracted from DIBCO 2009 and H-DIBCO 2010 benchmarks. However, we also report evaluations using the original (H-)DIBCO?s benchmarks.     

Accurate junction detection and characterization in line-drawing images

In this paper, we present a new approach for junction detection and characterization in line-drawing images. We formulate this problem as searching for optimal meeting points of median lines. In this context, the main contribution of the proposed approach is three-fold. First, a new algorithm for the determination of the support region is presented using the linear least squares technique, making it robust to digitization effects. Second, an efficient algorithm is proposed to detect and conceptually remove all distorted zones, retaining reliable line segments only. These line segments are then locally characterized to form a local structure representation of each crossing zone. Finally, a novel optimization algorithm is presented to reconstruct the junctions. Junction characterization is then simply derived. The proposed approach is very highly robust to common geometry transformations and can resist a satisfactory level of noise/degradation. Furthermore, it works very efficiently in terms of time complexity and requires no prior knowledge of the document content. Extensive evaluations have been performed to validate the proposed approach using other baseline methods. An application of symbol spotting is also provided, demonstrating quite good results.     

数据库技术在提高工程设计质量中的应用

针对自控专业工程项目设计文件在编制过程中出现的质量问题进行深入分析,根据分析结果引入数据库技术并且采用软件编程的手段对设计过程中的各个环节进行优化,不仅提高了设计文件的质量,同时也提高了设计文件的准确率与设计的工作效率。     

Thread-based probabilistic models for expert finding in enterprise Microblogs

Within the enterprise important conversations are shifting to Social Media Microblogs thus providing a new source for the acquisition of tacit knowledge useful for intelligent agents. While automated retrieval of candidate experts from Web documents has been well-researched, little exists that leverages social aspects of Microblogs for this purpose. We show that the experts and their related expertise can also be identified in the enterprise corpus. Analysis reveals the existence of problem-solving threads where the requestor seeking help often elicits responses from experts which consequently records tacit (experiential) knowledge. Here we present rules to automate the acquisition of this tacit knowledge. The rules are based on probabilistic models enhanced with linguistics to exploit the role patterns in threads. Heuristics also strengthen local evidence about associations between candidates, documents and (expertise) terms. Applying this, we demonstrate that the Enhanced Models can ameliorate the negative impact of Microblogs (such as sparse data, short content, and implicit associations). The experiments show that the candidate models significantly outperform the document models in the Microblog environment. This is different from previous research in Web environments. Examples also illustrate underlying insights and emphasize the ‘additive’ nature of expertise found in Social Media.