原子力显微镜在高分子物理实验教学中的应用

原子力显微镜主要用来表征样品的表面结构与形貌,操作容易、简便,分辨能力可达到纳米级别,是目前对材料分析与纳米科技研究的重要工具之一.以聚合物的支化结构、聚氨酯的微相分离结构、聚合物的结晶熔融行为和流延法单向拉伸制备高密度聚乙烯微孔膜4个实验为例,将原子力显微镜运用于高分子物理实验教学中,以更好地阐明聚合物结构与性能之间的关系,使学生可以更好地理解相关高分子物理的基本概念和理论,同时使他们分析和解决问题的能力得到提升.     

高层斜交网格结构体系的性能研究

为研究钢管混凝土柱的轴向恢复力模型,设计制作了8个钢管混凝土柱试件并对其进行轴向往复加载,分析其受力机理和恢复力特性。基于试验结果,选用退化三线型模型,建立了钢管混凝土柱无量纲骨架曲线模型,并提出其轴拉与轴压方向的峰值承载力和位移的计算方法。鉴于钢管混凝土试件在轴拉与轴压方向受力机理的差异,对滞回曲线的正负向选用不同的滞回规则,建立了相应的卸载刚度函数。据此提出了钢管混凝土柱的轴向恢复力模型,并与试验滞回曲线进行对比,验证了恢复力模型的合理性,所建立的恢复力模型可为斜交网格结构体系的弹塑性分析提供依据。     

设置垫板的形件螺栓连接滞回性能试验研究

该文综述了对称和非对称型摩擦耗能连接40多年以来的发展历史和研究现状。摩擦耗能连接可用于结构的减震耗能,通过合理设计可实现地震作用下带摩擦耗能连接结构的低损伤,提高结构的韧性。研发滞回性能稳定、重复性好的摩擦耗能连接是相关研究的主要目标之一。该文从微观和宏观两个方面介绍了金属滑移面之间的摩擦磨损机理,从摩擦磨损的角度讨论了不同摩擦片材料对摩擦连接减震性能的影响。描述了螺栓预紧力大小对摩擦连接减震性能的影响,也总结了摩擦连接的抗腐蚀和抗火性能。阐述了摩擦耗能连接在钢结构支撑、梁柱节点和柱脚节点的应用,并介绍了相关节点的设计方法。对此类连接的关键技术进行了总结,并对该技术的后续研究进行了展望。     

Isocyanate-rich cellulose nanocrystals and their selective insertion in elastomeric polyurethane

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully obtained and modified with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) by means of in situ polymerization varying the CNC/HDI molar ratio to evaluate the number of anchored chains to the CNC. The modification was examined by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR-ATR). Nanocomposites containing 1.5 wt% CNC, modified and unmodified, were prepared by solvent casting. Thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting films were evaluated from the viewpoint of polyurethane microphase separated structure, soft and hard domains. CNC were effectively dispersed in the polyurethane matrix and depending on surface chemistry, the nanoreinforcement interacts selectively with matrix nanodomains. This interpretation is supported by differences in thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and also confirmed by AFM images. Isocyanate rich cellulose nanocrystals interacted with matrix hard phase, promoting physical association with hard segments, enhancing stiffness and dimensional stability versus temperature of the nanocomposite.     

利用弯矩影响线的移动荷载识别方法

基于模态叠加理论,通过桥梁多个截面处加速度响应数据,计算得到桥梁受移动荷载作用下的模态加速度.根据d'Alembertian原理,桥梁截面任意时刻的动弯矩可看作是任意时刻受惯性分布力和移动荷载作用下的静弯矩.利用影响线,建立起移动荷载与弯矩之间的关系,提出了一种利用弯矩影响线识别移动荷载的方法.算例表明,当荷载只有一个时,可由单点弯矩直接识别,当有多个移动荷载时,可基于多个截面的弯矩数据,利用最小二乘法可以有效的识别出任意时刻作用于桥梁上的移动荷载值.该方法避免了求解桥梁的动力学微分方程,识别精度高且过程简单,适合于工程应用.     

The effect of roll-processing orientation on stress corrosion cracking of warm-rolled 304L stainless steel in oxygenated and deoxygenated high temperature pure water

Stress corrosion crack growth rates of 304L stainless steel after one-directionally warm-rolled along the longitudinal (L) direction were measured in oxygenated and deoxygenated pure water at 288 °C. The fracture mode is mainly intergranular in the Transverse-longitudinal (T-L) orientation specimen, while it is occasionally intergranular in the Longitudinal-transverse (L-T) orientation specimen. The crack growth rates in the T-L orientation are higher than those in the L-T orientation in both oxygenated and deoxygenated environments, which is related to the effective cracking growth path as the result of microstructural anisotropy and applied loading direction.     

Molecular recognition of DNA–protein complexes: A straightforward method combining scanning force and fluorescence microscopy

Combining scanning force and fluorescent microscopy allows simultaneous identification of labeled biomolecules and analysis of their nanometer level architectural arrangement. Fluorescent polystyrene nano-spheres were used as reliable objects for alignment of optical and topographic images. This allowed the precise localization of different fluorescence particles within complex molecular assemblies whose structure was mapped in nanometer detail topography. Our experiments reveal the versatility of this method for analysis of proteins and protein–DNA complexes.     

数值解析混合法分析永磁直线同步电机性能

针对数值法或解析法研究永磁直线同步电机(permanent magnet linear synchronous motor,PMLSM)性能时存在的不足,采用数值解析混合法研究PMLSM磁场,把电机的磁场划分区域,针对各区域特点分别采用纯解析法和数值法,气隙区包括永磁体无网格剖分,采用解析法获得此区的磁场解析表达式;初级齿槽区采用有限元法研究电枢不同励磁形式、齿槽及端部半填槽对磁场的影响.解析和有限元法通过两者的边界条件相耦合,建立并求解电机的磁场,获得空载电势与磁链参数,分析工作在SPWM-VI下PMLSM的动态性能,提出PMLSM空载电势实验的一种新方法,仿真和实验结果进行比较分析,验证了数值解析混合法分析PMLSM性能的正确性及快速性.     

新型换流变压器在矿井电网谐波抑制中的应用研究

消除提升机变流装置的谐波是煤矿电网谐波治理的主要目标。在矿井提升机谐波治理中大多采用无源型滤波器在交流电源侧滤波,由此换流器产生的大量谐波和无功电流通过阀侧绕组后,必然会在网侧绕组中产生一定的谐波和无功电流。为克服这一缺点,采用一种新型的滤波方式,即阀侧绕组采用延边三角形接法,并在中心抽头处接无源滤波器,绕组利用安匝平衡原理可以起到无功补偿和谐波屏蔽作用。它代替传统的换流变压器在整流电源系统中的应用,不仅为无功补偿和谐波屏蔽提供了新的手段,并可降低换流变压器的绝缘设计难度和设计容量,具有较好的经济效益。     

屏蔽电泵调整扬程时叶轮切割的经验

根据泵的相似理论中切割叶轮外径泵参数的变化-切割定律,结合各批次产品屏蔽电泵叶轮切割的数据统计,提出了切割叶轮的经验及切割经验系数。