Modeling of tool wear in drilling by statistical analysis and artificial neural network

The useful life of a cutting tool and its operating conditions largely control the economics of the machining operations. Hence, it is imperative that the condition of the cutting tool, particularly some indication as to when it requires changing, to be monitored. The drilling operation is frequently used as a preliminary step for many operations like boring, reaming and tapping, however, the operation itself is complex and demanding.

Back propagation neural networks were used for detection of drill wear. The neural network consisted of three layers input, hidden and output. Drill size, feed, spindle speed, torque, machining time and thrust force are given as inputs to the ANN and the flank wear was estimated. Drilling experiments with 8 mm drill size were performed by changing the cutting speed and feed at two different levels. The number of neurons in the hidden layer were selected from 1, 2, 3, …, 20. The learning rate was selected as 0.01 and no smoothing factor was used. The estimated values of tool wear were obtained by statistical analysis and by various neural network structures. Comparative analysis has been done between statistical analysis, neural network structures and the actual values of tool wear obtained by experimentation.     

Atomic force microscopy study of biaxially oriented polypropylene films

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses a very sharp pointed mechanical probe to collect real-space morphological information of solid surfaces. AFM was used in this study to image the surface morphology of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The polymer film is characterized by a nanometer-scale, fiberlike network structure, which reflects the drawing process used during the fabrication of the film. AFM was used to study polymer-surface treatment to improve wettability by exposing the polymer to ozone with or without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Surface-morphology changes observed by AFM are the result of the surface oxidation induced by the treatment. Due to the topographic features of the polymer film, the fiberlike structure has been used to check the performance of the AFM tip. An AFM image is a mixture of the surface morphology and the shape of the AFM tip. Therefore, it is important to check the performance of a tip to ensure that the AFM image collected reflects the true surface features of the sample, rather than contamination on the AFM tip.     

超声电机驱动的锁紧装置锁效果的试验研究

为了评价超声电机驱动的磁悬浮飞轮锁紧装置的锁紧效果,对锁紧装置弹片开展了试验研究.将锁紧弹片简化为悬臂梁模型,通过测试其根部应力,计算出其端部的变形量大小,进而获得弹片沿径向对飞轮转子的锁紧力大小.试验表明:每个弹片沿飞轮径向产生17.06 N的锁紧力,在250 s内完成锁紧.对比超声电机驱动与电磁电机驱动的锁紧装置,锁紧力大小相似.试验证明:超声电机驱动的锁紧装置能代替电磁电机完成锁紧和解锁功能,为超声电机在磁悬浮飞轮系统中的进一步应用提供了可能.     

低压配电柜三相母线所受电动力的分析

立足于国内外近年来发展迅速的成套开关设备(简称配电柜),对其中最具代表性的母线系统在其工作状态下的电动力进行了理论分析,并对母线系统短路情况下所受的电动力做了理论上的计算。这些对设计合理的母排固定方式,确保母线支撑部件的机械强度,防止母线系统发生变形,柜体受机械振动而造成结构破坏,保证整个设备的正常安全运行。     

一种基于蚁群算法的呼叫中心人力需求计算方法

针对呼叫中心人力需求优化这一离散约束问题,基于Dantzig提出的集合覆盖模型,建立了单技能呼叫中心的人力需求计算线性规划模型,并提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的求解方法.在该方法中,对算法的信息素更新规则进行了修改,并基于MATLAB编程针对实例进行仿真分析.选取统计学指标将算法的仿真结果与遗传算法进行对比,结果表明:基于蚁群算法的方法计算复杂度可行;能够节约人力,且话务员匹配度可满足实际运营需求;为智能算法在呼叫中心人力需求计算问题上的应用研究提供了一种新的解决思路.     

介观模拟研究温度对DPPC磷脂双层膜结构的影响

生物膜作为生物体的一种基本组成单元,在各种生命活动中占据重要地位。生物膜的结构和功能的稳定性是其发挥一切生理功能的前提。本文以DPPC磷脂双分子层为生物膜模型,采用基于Martini力场的粗粒化模拟方法,考察了温度对DPPC磷脂双层膜结构、形态和功能的影响。结果表明,315 K为DPPC磷脂双层膜的相转变温度;温度升高,DPPC分子间隙增加,尾链发生折叠弯曲,引起脂均面积增大,厚度减小,流动性增加;DPPC双层膜中甘油酯基团组成的栅栏区为膜中分子排列最有序的区域,也是阻碍小分子透膜的主要屏障区。研究结果不仅有助于更好地阐释生物膜的结构形态和功能之间的关系,也有助于理解药物与膜的相互作用,指导临床用药。     

考虑桩顶水平反力的水平受荷单桩弹塑性解析解

基于线性地基反力法和土体的弹塑性本构关系,对桩顶水平反力系数不为零时的水平受荷桩进行了研究,给出了桩顶土屈服临界荷载（水平力、弯矩）的耦合关系式。研究结果表明,当荷载大于临界荷载时,桩顶土发生塑性屈服,其塑性屈服深度随荷载的增加而增加,但其塑性区扩展速率随桩顶荷载的增加而逐渐减小。给出了弹性区与塑性区桩内力耦合的矩阵方程及其迭代求解格式;利用曲面拟合软件给出了塑性区换算深的计算公式。通过工程算例验证,证明该方法可靠快捷,便于手算,值得推广。      

电动振动台试验能力的确认方法研究

研究电动振动台的特性,根据产品振动试验条件提出电动振动台能否满足试验条件的要求,找到电动振动台试验能力范围的确认方法。该文以DC-8000-80电动振动台为实例描述电动振动台能力范围的确认方法研究。     

Perception of Hand Force in Power Grip for Females

Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and category ratio (CR‐10) scales are commonly used to quantify perceived muscular exertion for body segments. Twenty females participated in an experiment to study the power grip force at four perceived exertion levels using either dominant or nondominant hand under two posture conditions. It was found that the subjects tended to apply a higher power grip force (100% of perceived maximum voluntary contraction) than the levels they were requested to apply. The power grip forces between dominant and nondominant hands at low hand exertion levels were negligible. The grip forces between the two hands were significantly different when the exertion level was nearly maximal. Linear regression models were established for the subjects to link the relationship between the perceived hand exertion and measured grip force, hand used, and hand/arm posture. All the models were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) with R² values 0.97 or higher. These models provided better estimates in perceived hand exertion for dominant hand than for nondominant hand. A follow‐up experiment was conducted to measure the subjective rating of both the CR‐10 and RPE when a 98 N grip force was applied. It was found that the subjects reported higher exertion levels when they were using the CR‐10 scale than when they were using the RPE scale. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

掏挖基础在强风化砂岩地基中的应用探讨

文章对强风化砂岩抗剪强度指标进行了分析和探讨,提出了用岩体结构面抗剪强度指标折减来获得强风化砂岩的内摩擦角和粘聚力的方法,并结合掏挖基础应用条件,通过计算掏挖基础在强风化砂岩地基应用时扩底成型稳定性,得出在强风化泥质粉砂岩和粉砂岩地区掏挖基础在施工过程中能够掏挖成型并大量应用的结论.