Recursive solution of inverse natural convection problems by means of mode reduction

 A recursive method based on the Kalman filtering is developed to solve inverse natural convection problems of estimating the unsteady nonuniform wall heat flux from temperature measurements in the flow. By employing the Karhunen–Loève Galerkin procedure that reduces the Boussinesq equation to a small set of ordinary differential equations, the computational difficulties associated with the Kalman filtering for the partial differential equations are overcome. The present method is assessed through several numerical experiments, and is found to yield satisfactory results. Received 20 January 2001 / Accepted 31 May 2001     

钼还原过程相变化研究

采用钼酸铵直接氢还原及钼酸铵先焙解然后再分段氢还原两种不同的还原方法进行了钼粉还原。通过Ｘ射线衍射方法分析了两种工艺还原过程中的反应序列及相变化规律，并讨论了不稳定相Ｍｏ４Ｏ１１对于钼粉还原过程的影响。     

A novel laboratory bench for practical evaluation of catalysts useful for simultaneous conversion of NOx and soot in diesel exhaust

This study deals with the development of a laboratory bench for the practical evaluation of catalysts that are useful for the direct conversion of NO_x and soot in the exhaust of diesel engines. The employed model exhaust is generated by using a diffusion burner with additionally dosing some gaseous components to the burner gas to obtain a realistic feed composition. The produced soot is extensively characterized by employing thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, N₂ physisorption and temperature programmed techniques. The results of the different characterization methods show that the present soot is suitable for the intended catalytic investigations. The simultaneous conversion of NO_x and soot is examined like in practice, i.e. the soot is separated from the tail gas by a diesel particulate filter (DPF) that is coated with the catalyst. The deposited soot is then catalytically converted by NO_x and O₂ to form N₂ and CO₂. The conversions of NO_x and soot are measured by exclusively applying gas analysers, whereby a special experimental procedure is developed to determine the soot removal. Hence, additional soot related analytics are not required. To show the suitability of the constructed bench a Pt/Fe₂O₃/β-zeolite sample is taken as test catalyst that is reported to be very active in NO_x/soot reaction. The measurements performed with and without catalyst clearly show the effect of the used sample in simultaneous NO_x/soot conversion. We therefore consider the constructed laboratory bench to be a useful tool for testing and ranking catalytic materials.     

Reducing Average and Peak Test Power Through Scan Chain Modification

Parallel test application helps reduce the otherwise considerable test times in SOCs; yet its applicability is limited by average and peak power considerations. The typical test vector loading techniques result in frequent transitions in the scan chain, which in turn reflect into significant levels of circuit switching unnecessarily. Judicious utilization of logic in the scan chain can help reduce transitions while loading the test vector needed. The transitions embedded in both test stimuli and the responses are handled through scan chain modifications consisting of logic gate insertion between scan cells as well as inversion of capture paths. No performance degradation ensues as these modifications have no impact on functional execution. To reduce average and peak power, we herein propose computationally efficient schemes that identify the location and the type of logic to be inserted. The experimental results confirm the significant reductions in test power possible under the proposed scheme.     

大港油田官109-1断块稠油油藏碱/表面活性剂吞吐采油技术

大港油田官109-1断块稠油油藏的油井由于井筒、近井地带发生原油有机沉积,储层原油流动性差,采用多种方法都不能正常生产。为此研制了一种碱性解堵液,用于油井化学吞吐。该解堵液为复配碱和抗硬剂等添加剂的10%两性木质素表面活性剂溶液,能使玻璃片表面由亲油变强亲水,在石英上的接触角为6°(稀释至1/2和1/4浓度时为11°和12°),与羊大站原油间的界面张力为1.75×10-3~3.18×10-3mN/m。该解堵液与黏度1~50 Pa.s的不同区块稠油按体积比1∶1混合形成的乳状液,60℃、175 s-1黏度为2~6 mPa.s,在配液水矿化度高达6000mg/L以上或钙镁离子浓度高达250 mg/L时,该解堵液仍能保持对稠油的乳化降黏能力。该解堵液从实验岩心中驱出的原油量比地层水多75%,驱出液为乳状液。通过一个井例介绍了化学吞吐工艺:先用一种降黏解堵液对油井进行预处理,清洗油管、炮眼及近井地带,再注入碱性解堵液(该井例中为500 m3),注入时间约15小时,然后开井生产。2000年2月至2002年6月在16口新投产井实施化学吞吐(第一轮次),15口井有效,其中2口井先后转注水,其余13口井到2005年底仍继续产油。图1表6参5。     

广西洛东水电厂增机扩容可行性设计

通过对洛东水电厂的来水量、地质和经济指标等技术资料的分析,认为采用灯泡贯流式机组扩大其装机的容量是可行的。并介绍了洛东水电厂增机扩容的可行性设计情况。     

多目标决策问题非支配解集的一种序列逼近方法

在多目标优化中,对非支配解集的估计是一项非常重要的工作.本文给出一种序列逼近非支配解集的方法.     

抗生素生产过程补料时机的Fuzzy识别与预报

本文就抗生素发酵生产过程,提出了一种补料时机的Fuzzy识别、预报的建模方法,并根据20m~3发酵罐工业数据的分析,选取了以总糖、总糖变化率、氨基氮和氨基氮变化率四个主要参数作为输入集因素,运用本文提出的方法,建立了一个实际的抗生素发酵生产过程补料时机的 Fuzzy 识别、预报模型。经现场调试效果良好,与富有经验的行家相比,准确率达90%以上。     

Manipulating Deformable Linear Objects: Fuzzy-Based Active Vibration Damping Skill

Human can handle a deformable object and damp its vibration with recognized skill. However, for an industrial robot, handling a deformable object with acute vibration is often a difficult task. This paper addresses the problem of active damping skill for handling deformable linear objects (DLOs) by using a strategy inspired from human manipulation skills. The strategy is illustrated by several rules, which are explained by a fuzzy and a P controller. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is also employed to explain the rules as a comparison. The interpretations from controllers are translated into high level commands in a robotic language V+. A standard industrial robot with a force/torque sensor mounted on the wrist was employed to demonstrate the skill. Experimental results showed the fuzzy based damping skill is quite effective and stable even without any previous acknowledge of the deformable linear objects.Category (5)     

Onr-partition designs in hamming spaces

The concept of the combinatorial matrix of an unrestricted code and the notion of anr-partition design admitted by a code are introduced and discussed in detail. The theory includes a characterization of completely regular codes, and a combinatorial interpretation of the fact that the distinct rows of the distance distribution matrix of a code are linearly independent. In general, it is possible to compute the distance distribution matrix of any code admitting a given partition design by solving a well-defined system of linear equations; this is an efficient technique provided the number of classes in the partition is relatively small.