High temperature anti-oxidative and tunable wave absorbing SiC/Fe3Si/CNTs composite ceramic derived from a novel polysilyacetylene

With the rapid development of high power electromagnetic (EM) equipment and high-speed aircraft, the powerful and high oxidation-resistance absorbers are fundamentally desirable for the EM field. Herein, a novel high temperature anti-oxidative SiC/Fe₃Si/CNTs composite is synthesized by a facile polymer derived ceramic (PDC) route from a Fe-containing polysilyacetylene (PSA). The microstructure of as-prepared SiC/Fe₃Si/CNTs composite absorber is featured by micro-sized SiC ceramic grains with spherical Fe₃Si nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attached to. The vector network analyzer tests show a tunable wave-absorbing performance by adjusting the thickness of layer, and the effective bandwidth (the reflection loss < −10 dB) is 3.3–16.8 GHz for the sample S-1400 (heat treatment at 1400 °C in nitrogen flow). The minimal RL value is −41.2 dB at 10.5 GHz at a thickness of 2 mm and an effective bandwidth is nearly 4 GHz (12.9–16.9 GHz) at the thickness of only 1.5 mm. Moreover, after the oxidation treatment at 800 °C in the air, this absorber maintains the main structure and shows a good high temperature oxidation resistance. This absorber still remains excellent wave absorption property, in view of a minimal RL value of −40 dB at the thickness of 3 mm and a bandwidth of 4.8 GHz (10.4–15.2 GHz) at the thickness of 2.5 mm. The mechanism of high EM wave absorption performance is studied and attributed to the impendence matching, polarization, and the magnetic properties. Thus, the SiC/Fe₃Si/CNTs composite is a promising EM absorber for high-temperature EM wave-absorbing applications.     

From single crystals to supported nanoparticles in experimental and theoretical studies of H2 oxidation over platinum metals (Pt, Pd): Intermediates, surface waves and spillover

The present paper reviews our investigations concerning the mechanism of H₂ + O₂ reaction on the metal surfaces (Pt, Pd) at different structures: single crystals (Pt(1 1 1), Pt(1 0 0), Pd(1 1 0)); microcrystals (Pt tips); and nanoparticles (Pd–Ti³⁺/TiO₂). Field electron microscopy (FEM), field ion microscopy (FIM), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), XPS, UPS, work function (WF), TDS and temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) methods have been applied to study the kinetics of H₂ oxidation on a nanolevel. The adsorption of both O₂ and H₂ and several dissociative products (H_ads, O_ads, OH_ads) was studied by HREELS. Using the DFT technique the equilibrium states and stretching vibrations of H, O, OH, H₂O, adsorbed on the Pt(1 1 1) surface, have been calculated depending on the surrounding of the metal atoms. Sharp tips of Pt, several hundreds angstroms in radius, were used to perform in situ investigations of the dynamic surface processes. The FEM and FIM studies on the Pt-tip surface demonstrate that the self-oscillations and waves propagations are connected with periodic changes in the surface structure of nanoplane (1 0 0)-(hex) ↔ (1 × 1), varying the catalytic property of metal. The role of defects (Ti³⁺-□_O) in the adsorption centers formation, their stabilization by the palladium nanoparticles, and then the defects participation in H₂ + O₂ steady-state reaction over Pd–Ti³⁺/TiO₂ surface have been studied by XPS, UPS and photodesorption techniques (PhDS). This reaction seems to involve the “protonate” hydrogen atoms (H⁺/TiO_x) as a result of spillover effect: diffusion of H_ads atoms from Pd particles on a TiO_x surface. The comprehensive study of H₂, O₂ adsorption and H₂ + O₂ reaction in a row: single crystals → tips → nanoparticles has shown the same nature of active centers over these metal surfaces.     

微波干燥陶瓷产品产生变形开裂原因和解决方法及其与传统干燥的比较

详细讨论了微波干燥造成陶瓷坯体变形、开裂的原因及解决方法,并与传统干燥方法进行了比较.     

基于海浪再分析数据的波浪能资源分析

基于同化了30 a卫星高度计有效波高的全球高分辨率海浪再分析数据,该文详细分析波浪能分布特征,针对海浪的可开发性,提出一种新的波浪能资源选址评估方法,并利用该评估方法对全球和中国近海的波浪能进行区划。主要结论有：波浪能最为丰富处位于西风带海域,约占全球总波浪能的67%;其中,印度洋西风带尤甚,平均能流密度达90 kW/m,西风带近岸海域波浪能可利用程度较高;中国周边海域波浪能资源相对匮乏,但台湾岛东南部、琉球群岛以及东沙群岛附近波浪能资源较为丰富,可利用程度较高,平均能流密度最高约为11 kW/m,该研究可为波浪能发展规划与开发利用提供参考。     

Experiment study on the pressure and flame characteristics induced by high-pressure hydrogen spontaneous ignition

A series of experiments were conducted to study the pressure and combustion characteristics of the high-pressure hydrogen during the occurrence of spontaneous ignition and the conversion from spontaneous ignition to a jet fire and explosion. Different initial conditions including release pressure (4–10 MPa), tube diameter (10/15 mm), and tube length (0.3/0.7/1.2/1.7/2.2/3 m) were tested. The variation of the pressure and flame signal inside and outside of the tube and the development of the jet flame were recorded. The experimental results revealed that the minimum ignition pressure required for self-ignition of hydrogen at different tube diameters decreased first and then increased with the extension of tubes. The minimum ignition pressure for tubes diameters of 10 mm and 15 mm is no more than 4 MPa and the length of the tubes is L = 1.7 m. The minimum release pressure required for spontaneous ignition of a tube D = 15 mm is always lower than that of a tube D = 10 mm at the same tube length. When the spontaneous ignition occurred, it did not absolutely trigger the jet fire. The transition from spontaneous ignition to a jet fire must go through the specific stages.     

三维数值波浪水槽内孤立波特性分析

内孤立波对密度层化水体的水动力及分层特性具有显著影响。为揭示内孤立波特性,建立了规则地形下可有效模拟弱非线性内孤立波的分层流三维数值波浪水槽,研究了内孤立波在规则地形条件下的传播,成功捕捉到了水体表面存在的辐聚流和辐散流,探讨了内孤立波传播过程中流速、紊动能和紊动能耗散率的分布与演化特性,为进一步利用数值波浪水槽研究内孤立波能量特性分布、改善层化水体的水生态环境提供了可靠的方法与手段。     

基于行波时差矩阵算法的10kV电缆网络故障定位

城市电缆网络产生故障时,故障线路的精确辨识及故障点的准确定位有利于快速恢复供电。针对城市电缆多埋于地下、结构复杂、分支多、传统定位算法较为繁琐等问题,在有效分析电缆线路结构与行波传播路径的基础上,提出了一种基于行波时差矩阵算法的多分支电缆线路故障定位方法。该方法首先划分线路的各个区段,然后根据线路网络拓扑结构与行波传播路径构建故障判定矩阵,最终依据故障判定矩阵与双端行波定位原理准确定位故障点。PSCAD仿真结果表明,该方法能快速精确地判定故障分支并定位故障点。     

感潮河段水位预报方法浅析

针对感潮河段水情复杂、水位预报困难,分析评价了国内外感潮河段水位预报基本方法及研究进展,并概述了感潮河段水位预报实时修正方法,提出了一种简单实用有效的预报方法供参考.     

基于粒子群优化算法的人工地震波反应谱拟合技术

为避免复杂的人工地震波反应谱修正过程,且使合成的人工地震波反应谱较好地收敛于目标谱,提出在传统人工地震波反应谱拟合技术的基础上引入二次修正因子,并以二次修正因子作为优化因子,以合成的人工地震波反应谱与目标谱的标准误差最小为优化目标建立谱拟合优化模型。并基于Matlab软件编程,应用粒子群优化算法(PSO算法)对模型进行分析。算例分析表明,基于PSO算法的人工地震波反应谱拟合方法与传统的在频域内调整傅里叶幅值谱的方法相比,所生成的人工地震波反应谱与目标谱曲线整体吻合较好,收敛精度显著提高。     

增压柴油机排气压力波的对比试验研究

为了对某增压六缸发动机的性能做进一步的改进,对其涡轮入口处和排气支管出口处的排气压力波变化规律进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,涡轮入口处和排气支管出口处的排气压力波平均值变化规律相同:在不同的负荷特性下,排气压力波平均值都随着扭矩的增大而增大;不同转速下相同扭矩测试点的排气压力波平均值,都随着转速的增大而增大.在不同的负荷特性下,涡轮入口处和排气支管出口处的排气压力波强度变化规律不相同,涡轮入口的压力排气波强度要大于排气支管出口处的排气压力波强度.