Construction of functional aliphatic polycarbonates for biomedical applications

Aliphatic polycarbonates are one important kind of biodegradable polymers and have been commonly used as integral components of engineered tissues, medical devices and drug delivery systems. As far as the biomedical application is concerned, traditional aliphatic polycarbonates usually suffer from the strong hydrophobicity, deficient functionality, and insufficient compatibility with cell/organs. Consequently, the application is quite limited in scope. Due to the imparted appealing properties, aliphatic polycarbonates bearing specifically designed functional/reactive groups attract great interest from researchers in the recent years. The present review outlines the development up to date concerning the design and biomedical application of functional aliphatic polycarbonates, with an emphasis on their ring-opening (co)polymerization preparation.     

阿托伐他汀钙非对映异构体（3S，5R）的全合成

目的：合成阿托伐他汀钙非对映异构体。方法：以（R）-6-氰基-3-氧代-己酸叔丁酯为起始原料经羰基还原、O-烃化、氰基还原、与M-4发生Paal．Knorr反应、脱保护、酯水解、成盐等共7步反应合成了阿托伐他汀钙异构体（3S,5R）（1）。其结构经^1H—NMR、ESI—MS、HPLC确证。结论：合成得到了翻标化合物,可为阿托伐他汀钙的杂质研究提供可靠参数。     

固定化沙雷氏菌脂肪酶拆分(R,S)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯

利用海藻酸钙-戊二醛交联法对本实验室筛选到的一株能选择性拆分(R,S)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯〔(R,S)-HPBE〕的沙雷氏菌脂肪酶进行固定化,并对固定化脂肪酶的酶活和拆分条件进行了研究。结果表明,最适反应温度为50℃,pH=7.0,底物浓度40 mmol/L,ρ(酶液)=200 g/L,在该条件下,反应10 h后,(R)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯〔(R)-HPBE〕产率达93.4%,光学纯度(e.e.)为96.2%。连续反应12批次,固定化脂肪酶仍可使(R)-HPBE产率维持在80%以上。     

改性烷醇酰胺类表面活性剂驱油体系研究

考察了改性烷醇酰胺阴-非离子表面活性剂（NBS）复合驱油体系的界面张力和驱油效果。实验表明,NBS的无碱二元驱油体系在较宽的表面活性剂及聚合物浓度范围内都具有较好的界面活性和稳定性。模拟驱油实验中,所选的NBS无碱二元驱油体系在水驱基础上可提高采收率18,73%以上,与相同条件下三元复合驱采收率相接近。此外,将NBS表面活性剂与现有重烷基苯磺酸盐（HABS）的三元复合体系进行复配后,可有效降低三元驱中强碱的使用浓度,且体系界面活性及稳定性等指标均满足油田要求。     

六铝酸盐催化剂在含硫环境下的还原脱硝性能

采用共沉淀法和浸渍法制备Cu和Fe掺杂的六铝酸盐催化剂（SrCu_xFe_1-xAl₁₁O_19-δ,x为0、0.2、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.8和1）,通过XRD、TPR和BET等方法对催化剂的结构及性能进行研究,并考察催化剂脱硝的催化活性。结果表明,用碳酸铵作为沉淀剂,在1 200 ℃焙烧4 h,可以形成完整的六铝酸盐晶型,Cu和Fe能够取代Al³⁺,很好地促进六铝酸盐晶体结构的形成。SrCu_xFe_1-xAl₁₁O_19-δ催化剂具有较高的脱硝催化活性,此类型的催化剂在含硫环境、温度不超过800 ℃和空速6 000 h^-1条件下,NO转化率均达到90%以上。在SrCu_xFe_1-xAl₁₁O_19-δ六铝酸盐催化剂中,Fe为催化脱硝的主要活性元素,掺杂一定量的Cu有利于提升脱硝效果。     

MCFs吸附茜素红S的研究

以水热法合成出介孔泡沫二氧化硅材料(MCFs),以MCFs吸附茜素红S得到最佳吸附条件,最大吸附容量为3.750 mg/g.从293.15~323.15 K温度区间获得了吸附体系的热力学性质,反应焓变△H0=48.038 kJ/mol>0,说明MCFs吸附茜素红S的过程属于吸热反应.熵变△S0=243.3 J/(mol·K)>0,说明MCFs吸附茜素红S为熵增加过程.该温度区间吸附反应的自由能变化值△G0<0,该吸附处于自发反应,而且吸附反应同时伴随物理吸附和化学吸附.MCFs吸附茜素红S的过程符合动力学准二阶方程.Freundlich吸附等温方程拟合效果较之Langmuir更好,吸附结果符合Freundlich吸附等温线,该吸附过程属于多分子层吸附.     

CdIn2S4纳米材料的制备及其应用进展

CdIn2S4是一种尖晶石结构的三元化合物,在可见光范围内具备优良的光吸收性能,同时具有良好的光催化活性和光化学稳定性,非常适合用作光催化剂.分别对CdIn2S4粉体和CdIn2S4薄膜的制备技术进行了介绍,然后对其在光催化降解有机污染物、光水解制氢以及光电化学领域的研究进展进行了整理总结,望其为进一步开展相关研究提供参考.     

Cell-Based Optimization of Covalent Reversible Ketoamide Inhibitors Bridging the Unprimed to the Primed Site of the Proteasome β5 Subunit

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an established therapeutic target for approved drugs to treat selected hematologic malignancies. While drug discovery targeting the UPS focuses on irreversibly binding epoxyketones and slowly-reversibly binding boronates, optimization of novel covalent-reversibly binding warheads remains largely unattended. We previously reported α-ketoamides to be a promising reversible lead motif, yet the cytotoxic activity required further optimization. This work focuses on the lead optimization of phenoxy-substituted α-ketoamides combining the structure-activity relationships from the primed and the non-primed site of the proteasome β5 subunit. Our optimization strategy is accompanied by molecular modeling, suggesting occupation of P1′ by a 3-phenoxy group to increase β5 inhibition and cytotoxic activity in leukemia cell lines. Key compounds were further profiled for time-dependent inhibition of cellular substrate conversion. Furthermore, the α-ketoamide lead structure 27 does not affect escape response behavior in Danio rerio embryos, in contrast to bortezomib, which suggests increased target specificity.     

灰铸铁几个关键技术问题的探讨

对灰铸铁熔炼中的几个关键问题进行探讨：1）锰、硫对灰铸铁力学性能及切削加工性能的影响；2）硬质点颗粒对断屑性能的影响；3）时效处理对高速切削时刀具寿命的影响；4）如何减小高强度灰铸铁的收缩倾向；5）如何生产HT350及更高牌号的灰铸铁。     

S30432钢不同焊材焊接接头组织性能

研究了超超临界锅炉用S30432钢采用不同焊材焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,S30432钢分别采用YT-304H、ERNiCrMo-3、ERNiCrCoMo-1焊材焊接接头经650℃×7000 h时效后,仍可保持较高的室温强度,焊缝金属均具有一定的时效脆化倾向,ERNiCrMo-3焊缝时效后的韧性最低;3种焊材焊接接头都具有优异的高温持久性能。显微组织分析认为,YT-304H焊缝强度的保持主要源于细小富Cu相和MX相的弥散分布,ERNiCrCoMo-1、ERNiCrMo-3焊缝时效后的主要强化相分别为γ’和γ″,ERNiCrMo-3焊缝晶界附近针状δ相和σ相的密集分布,导致了该焊材焊缝金属时效后冲击性能恶化。