NMR imaging and differential scanning calorimetry study on drying of pine,birch, and reed pulps and their mixtures

Drying, water fractions, and water distribution were investigated for pine, birch, and reed pulps and pine–birch, pine–reed, and pine–birch–reed pulp mixtures. Gravimetrically determined drying times showed that the drying rates of the pulps decreased at two to four inflection points. Characterizations of the dried pulps by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a faster removal of free water than freezing and nonfreezing bound waters; all decreased simultaneously, however. DSC also revealed the critical water contents at which the free water and freezing bound water disappeared. The gravimetrically determined inflection points of the drying curves corresponded with the critical points determined by DSC. NMR line widths and images produced by ¹H‐NMR imaging revealed the nature and regions of the pulp drying. The constant growth rate of the NMR line widths with decreasing water content appeared to change at two inflection points, which fell approximately in the same water content regions as the inflection points of the drying curves. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 937–945, 2006     

Structure-activity relationship observations for European corn borer moth pheromone and fluoro analogs via computer molecular modeling

Structure-activity relationship (SAR) observations were made for theZ-type European corn borer moth pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, and a series of analogs with fluorination in the alcohol portion of the molecule. The attractiveness of these analogs and the pheromone was compared to the electrostatic potential map of the molecular mechanics (MM) minimized lowest energy conformation for each compound. A critical range of electrostatic potential on the protons of the double-bond appears to be essential for optimal acceptor fit and attractiveness.     

3D fingerprint reconstruction system using feature correspondences and prior estimated finger model

The paper studies a 3D fingerprint reconstruction technique based on multi-view touchless fingerprint images. This technique offers a solution for 3D fingerprint image generation and application when only multi-view 2D images are available. However, the difficulties and stresses of 3D fingerprint reconstruction are the establishment of feature correspondences based on 2D touchless fingerprint images and the estimation of the finger shape model. In this paper, several popular used features, such as scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) feature, ridge feature and minutiae, are employed for correspondences establishment. To extract these fingerprint features accurately, an improved fingerprint enhancement method has been proposed by polishing orientation and ridge frequency maps according to the characteristics of 2D touchless fingerprint images. Therefore, correspondences can be established by adopting hierarchical fingerprint matching approaches. Through an analysis of 440 3D point cloud finger data (220 fingers, 2 pictures each) collected by a 3D scanning technique, i.e., the structured light illumination (SLI) method, the finger shape model is estimated. It is found that the binary quadratic function is more suitable for the finger shape model than the other mixed model tested in this paper. In our experiments, the reconstruction accuracy is illustrated by constructing a cylinder. Furthermore, results obtained from different fingerprint feature correspondences are analyzed and compared to show which features are more suitable for 3D fingerprint images generation.     

Study of needle penetration speeds on frictional properties of nonwoven webs: A new approach

H1 technology needlepunching machinery is one of the recent developments in the needleloom technology. H1 technology needlepunching nonwoven machinery has been effectively utilized to develop a set of nonwoven substrates at different punching rates. The effect of needlepunching speeds on the frictional properties of H1 technology polyester nonwoven webs is reported in this article. The frictional properties of nonwoven webs have been characterized using a simple normalized friction factor. In addition, the surfaces of the nonwoven substrates were scanned using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that for the three different penetration rates studied there seems to be a marginal difference in the frictional properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3626–3631, 2003     

Euclidean Distance Mapping for computing microstructural gradients at interfaces in composite materials

This paper presents an image analysis procedure using Euclidean Distance Mapping to compute microstructural gradients at interfaces in composite materials. This method is capable of producing phase distribution plots at single pixel strip width very quickly and efficiently. Compared to conventional dilation-subtraction strip analysis, the new method is faster, more flexible and is not constrained by feature geometry and boundary conditions. This allows for truly random and unbiased sampling. The new method was applied to investigate microstructural gradients at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of an ordinary Portland cement concrete. The average results show strong gradients in anhydrous cement and detectable porosity at the ITZ, but this is highly variable from location to location. The overall ITZ characteristics depend on the amount of calcium hydroxide deposited on aggregate particles. The new method was able to measure the effect of these calcium hydroxide deposits on the porosity gradient, which has not been reported before.     

受限波兹曼机联合稀疏近似的脑功能检测模型

人脑功能连通性检测是神经科学研究的重要技术．使用受限制波兹曼机（RestrictedBoltzmannMachine,RBM）对大量多被试功能磁共振（functionalMagneticResonanceImaging,fMRI）数据进行建模可以检测人脑功能连接,但是不能有效检测单被试数据的功能连接．本文研究一种新颖的融合了稀疏近似与RBM技术的脑功能连通性检测模型,该模型充分利用fMRI数据的稀疏性,采用稀疏近似理论对fMRI数据进行空间域稀疏近似压缩,然后使用RBM建立模型,以检测脑功能连通性．实验结果表明,该融合模型可以有效地提取单被试数据的脑功能时间域混合模型及其相应的脑功能图谱,解决了RBM在单被试数据分析上的瓶颈．     

用铜物理显影的多级放大成像过程——Ⅱ.获得能导电的影像

前文中我们报道了利用铜物理显影的多级放大成像过程能够明显地提高影像密度,从而大大提高了感光材料的感光度或者大幅度地降低感光材料的用银量,并且可以达到特高反差和特短趾部等特殊效果。本文介绍铜物理显影多级放大成像过程的另一种应用:在乳剂层表面或绝缘材料表面上定域沉积能导电的铜影像,为将感光胶片直接用于     

Accommodation and convergence in integral imaging 3D display

In this paper, we analyze the visual fatigue of integral imaging three‐dimensional (3D) display by studying the accommodation and convergence when viewing the integral imaging 3D images. The theoretical analyses show that there is no inconsistency between the accommodation and convergence distances, which means that the integral imaging 3D display has no visual fatigue. Experiments are implemented, and the results finally demonstrate the rationality of the theoretical analyses. These analyses can be quite beneficial for researchers to better understand the performances and promote the practical applications of the integral imaging 3D display.