The role of isotopic techniques on the evaluation of the agronomic effectiveness of P fertilizers

Many isotopic techniques can be applied to determine the relative immediate and residual effectiveness of P fertilizers. Using isotopes as tracers, the percentage of utilization by plants of the P derived from a fertilizer can be determined. However this is only possible during the three or four months after the application. Therefore, the P fertilizers may be classified only according to their relative immediate effectiveness. To also evaluate residual effect, which can be observed when more P is applied than is removed with harvest, isotopes of phosphorus can be used. This residual effect is determined by comparing pool sizes of bioavailable soil P in soils with and without P fertilizer aged in soil. The bioavailable soil P pool may be analyzed according to three isotopic experimental procedures which give access to either the A value, or the E value or the L value. The aims, the similarities and the differences between these three procedures, are examined. Some of the theoretical and practical constraints of each method are described in this paper; they must be followed in order to obtain reliable information for agronomic purposes. A method involves measuring the rate of isotopic exchange of phosphate ions in soil-solution systems maintained in steady-state. It is now possible to predict the effectiveness of P fertilizers, whatever their chemical form when this method is applied on soil samples where P fertilizers were applied.This paper was originally submitted as part of the special issue on Evaluation of the Agronomic Effectiveness of Phosphate Fertilizers through the use of Nuclear Related Techniques edited by F. Zapata     

超高密度磁记录的课题与展望

介绍了超高密度记录的研究开发状况 ,论述了垂直磁记录技术的课题以及采用TMR磁头的、记录密度为Subterabit in2 的记录 读出特性。作为高密度记录所必需的头 盘界面技术 ,提出了接触记录技术的课题 ,还就STM (Scanningtunnelingmicroscopy)存储器论述了未来超高密度技术     

Premodification of Pt/γAl2O3 with Cinchonidine for the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ethyl Pyruvate: Effect of Premodification Conditions on Reaction Rate and Enantioselection

The premodification of a 5 wt% Pt/-Al₂O₃ catalyst with cinchonidine (0.01 and 0.2 g g^-1 _catalyst) is described and discussed. Premodification is carried out by treating the catalyst with a solution of cinchonidine followed by solvent removal. Catalysts premodified in this way give the same ee and initial rate of reaction for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate as those using the standard in situ modification procedure. Investigations of different solvents for premodification and reaction (dichloromethane, ethanol) show that it is the solvent used for the reaction that controls the observed enantioselection. Premodified catalysts also display the initial transient behavior typically observed with in situ modified catalysts in which the ee increases with conversion in the early part of the reaction. Premodified catalysts show an enhanced rate of reaction when ethanol is used as the reaction solvent compared with in situ modified catalysts under the same conditions. Premodification using aerobic conditions gives the best results and premodified catalysts can be stored prior to use for up to a week without loss of catalytic performance.     

Pd deposited on Cu(110): a highly performant catalyst for the 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation reaction

The catalytic properties, with respect to the 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation reaction, of strained Pd films on Cu(110) (lattice mismatch 8%) has been probed as a function of the film thickness. The characterization of the adlayer has been made by the combined use of STM with LEED and AES. For deposits below 10¹⁵ Pd/cm² (i.e., about 1 ML) the catalytic activity is near zero. This is the consequence of the formation of a Pd–Cu surface alloy with tendency for Cu to migrate/segregate to the surface. The catalytic activity suddenly increases to reach a maximum value for about 3 ML; the activity is then one order of magnitude higher than that of the pure Pd(110) surface. This is the consequence of the presence of a strained Pd overlayer, with Pd surface atoms having very unusual geometry, and hence very peculiar electronic and chemical properties. The catalytic activity then decreases as the Pd coverage is increased, and tends to values near that of the pure Pd(110). Gradual relaxation of the film geometry towards that of the normal fcc Pd structure probably exists.     

天线姿态监控管理系统中管控主机的设计

随着移动网络的发展,电信运营商加强对信号基站的部署,同时特别关注天线的姿态及信号的覆盖情况,需求一种能够提供远程集中管理的系统方案。设计了一种管控主机,能够连接天线姿态传感器获取天线的姿态,同时可以集中管理不同型号的电调,结合天线姿态监控管理系统实现对基站天线姿态的远程监控,使运维人员可以随时随地了解天线姿态情况,给日常运维带来便捷,提高了工作效率。     

基于STM32的嵌入式网络控制器设计

针对目前对终端设备的网络远程控制需求,设计了一种可自适应10/100 Mbit/s网络的嵌入式网络控制器,以实现控制系统中对工业设备、信息家电、移动设备等的远程控制和信息交互。设计了微控制器STM32F107和DP83848以太网PHY芯片的硬件设计方案,详细分析了LwIP嵌入式网络协议栈在STM32F107处理器上的移植过程,以及在μC/OSⅡ实时操作系统上进行网络编程的软件设计过程。实验结果表明,所设计的控制器可以稳定、可靠地实现网络远程控制和信息交互。     

基于WSN的高精度称重式雨量计设计

设计了一种基于ZigBee的高精度称重式雨量计。该雨量计利用称重传感器实现固态和液态降水测量,在组网情况下实现了雨量数据的实时传输。系统以STM32LI51系列ARM控制器、CC2530无线射频芯片为核心,对无线传感器网络中的终端节点、协调器节点的硬件和软件进行了设计。为了修正温度对传感器带来的输出误差,采用BP神经网络片数据进行修正和补偿。整个系统实时性好、精度高,能较好地满足现有气象观测的要求。     

基于FPGA的多路矿用气体传感器智能调校系统

矿用气体传感器因煤矿安全被大量使用,国家规定必须定期进行调校,目前的传感器调校系统可同时对5-8台传感器进行调校,针对大中型煤矿生产过程中需要调校的矿用气体传感器数量大、调校耗时长的现状,提出了一种基于单片机与现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的64路气体传感器调校系统,介绍了系统的整体设计并详细阐述了该系统的气路控制模块和传感器输出信号采集模块,使用Verilog语言在QuartusⅡ工具中实现FPGA的逻辑设计、仿真和综合。结果证明：该系统能有效地完成对64路气体传感器同时调校的目的,很大程度节省了人力消耗,提高了调校效率,节约了调校时间。     

基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器

介绍一种基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器的设计。在高精度模拟漏电流传感器的基础上,采用CAN总线进行数据通信,在目前高端的、低功耗、小系统设计处理器Cortex—M3(STM32)上经数字化改进而实现。该漏电流数字传感器经实验验证检测准确、响应快速、数据通信安全可靠,是目前一种先进的车载式漏电流数字传感器。实际使用时,由多个漏电流数字传感器与一台计算机互接,构成一个多点的漏电检测网络,最终实现漏电检测的综合处理。     

基于STM32的多相LED穹形光源控制系统设计

针对工业视觉检测中对光源的照射角度、光源亮度、颜色等调节要求,设计了一种基于STM32的多相LED穹形光源控制系统,给出了系统实现方案及各模块具体实现,实现了光源参数的连续可调控制。