辐射角系数计算的边界元法

本文提出了用边界元方法计算辐射角系数。从角系数的定义式出发,运用stokes公式及边界元理论,导出了计算的基本公式。并用Basic算法语言写出计算机程序,通过四个典型算例的计算以及与精确解和其他方法计算结果加以对比,得出本法计算可靠,具有输入数据少,精度高等优点。同时指出     

基于无线通信的接触式带钢板形信号采集系统研制

针对滑环结构的接触式板形测试仪存在的不足,采用无线通信方式,研制了多单片机系统的嵌入式板形信号采集系统,通过光电接近开关的合理安装设计,巧妙解决了检测辊正反转时的信号采集和每组4个传感器信号区分问题,并给出了I2C总线系统中主、从单片机的流程。现场试验表明,在传感器为30组,检测辊10圈/秒转动时,系统的可靠性、数据传输速率和误码率均可满足板形闭环控制的要求。     

基于遗传算法的桁架结构动力学形状优化

针对桁架结构动力学形状优化的复杂性及其设计变量的不统一性,本文采用实数编码技术进行统一处理,并提出了基于自适应遗传算法的结构动力学形状优化方法。算例结果表明本文方法的有效性和工程适应性。     

一种新型有限元网格形状评价指标

本文对通用有限元软件ANSYS与SAP2000中的单个网格评价指标进行了分析与总结。在现有单个网格评价指标计算的基础上,建议了一种新的网格评价指标,该评价指标不仅能用于单个网格的评价,而且能用于复杂的多网格有限元模型。通过C++编程实现了整个评价指标的计算,对悬臂梁模型采用不同网格划分后对形状指标进行计算后,发现按不同网格的形状指标与计算精确度存在明显的正相关性。将其用于多高层建筑结构网格评价,计算结果表明该评价指标是高效而又可靠的。     

Deformation characteristics of the intermetallic alloy 60NiTi

The deformation behavior of a Ni-rich Ni₅₅Ti₄₅ (at.%) alloy, commonly known as 60NiTi (as designated in wt.%), was analyzed using neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction during in situ isothermal tension and compression loading, and pre and post-test electron microscopy. The alloy was shown to exhibit remarkable strength and high hardness resulting from a high density of fine Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates (size ∼67 nm), which were uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix after a solution treatment and oil quench. The precipitate volume fraction was 55 ± 3%, determined from both the neutron Rietveld refinement and conventional x-ray measurements. Non-linear stress-strain behavior was observed in tension (but not in compression) and was attributed to reversible stress-induced martensite (SIM) that forms to accommodate the stress as revealed by neutron diffraction measurements. The tensile and compressive neutron data also showed peak broadening and residual lattice strains. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed stress-induced coarsening of Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates in both tension and compression tested samples, but precipitation and growth of the stable Ni₃Ti phase was observed only after tensile testing. Finally, the potential ramifications of these microstructural changes are discussed.     

Parallel Globally Consistent Normal Orientation of Raw Unorganized Point Clouds

A mandatory component for many point set algorithms is the availability of consistently oriented vertex‐normals (e.g. for surface reconstruction, feature detection, visualization). Previous orientation methods on meshes or raw point clouds do not consider a global context, are often based on unrealistic assumptions, or have extremely long computation times, making them unusable on real‐world data. We present a novel massively parallelized method to compute globally consistent oriented point normals for raw and unsorted point clouds. Built on the idea of graph‐based energy optimization, we create a complete kNN‐graph over the entire point cloud. A new weighted similarity criterion encodes the graph‐energy. To orient normals in a globally consistent way we perform a highly parallel greedy edge collapse, which merges similar parts of the graph and orients them consistently. We compare our method to current state‐of‐the‐art approaches and achieve speedups of up to two orders of magnitude. The achieved quality of normal orientation is on par or better than existing solutions, especially for real‐world noisy 3D scanned data.     

Image-based measurement of the dimensions and of the axis straightness of hot forgings

Non-contact measurement of shapes and dimensions is currently quite a common issue. A lot of systems with different speeds and accuracies are in the market. Measurement of high temperature objects is, however, a very special task which ensures a specific solution. This paper presents a measurement system composed of two high resolution single-lens reflex cameras and a software application, which is designed for the fast measurement of shapes and dimensions of rotationally symmetric forgings. The software computes the length, diameter, and straightness of the axis, based on a 3D model constructed from four boundary curves of the forging captured in two images. Experimental measurements have shown an error of up to 2% for the length measurement and 1% for the diameter measurement. Results are available in a few seconds. The proposed measurement approach based on boundary curves shows a great potential for practical use in forging plants.     

Foot landmarking for footwear customization

As consumers are becoming increasingly selective of what they wear on their feet, manufacturers are experiencing problems developing and fitting the right footwear. Literature suggests that shoes with a shape similar to feet may be comfortable because they attempt to maintain the feet in a neutral posture. The objective of this paper is to develop a metric to quantify mismatches between feet and lasts and also to be able to generate the two-dimensional outline of the foot using the minimum number of landmarks. Fifty Hong Kong Chinese were participants in the experiment. In addition to subject weight, height, foot length and foot width, the left foot outlines were drawn and 18 landmarks were marked on each of the two-dimensional foot outlines. A step-wise procedure was used to reduce the chosen 18 landmarks to eight, such that the mean absolute negative error (an indicator of ‘tightness’) between the foot outline and the modelled curve was 1.3 mm. These eight landmarks seem to show an improvement over those proposed by other researchers, thus showing the importance of choosing the right landmarks for modelling the foot. The positive and negative absolute errors were on average 1.8 mm and 1.3 mm respectively. Moreover, the mean errors for the toe region and for the rest of the foot were 1.7 mm and 1.6 mm respectively. The results indicate that the foot outline, an important component for footwear functionality and fitting, may be modelled using eight critical landmarks.     

Accuracy and reliability of a technique for quantifying foot shape,dimensions and structural characteristics

A technique using a three-dimensional digitizing device for the measurements of foot dimension, shape and structural characteristics was developed. A total of 23 variables were calculated from the coordinates of 26 digitized points on the foot and the leg when body weight was supported mainly by one foot as the other foot was resting on a platform. All variables were measured with reference to an anatomically defined reference frame on the foot. The intra- and intertester reliability were tested both for the device and for the foot measurements. High reliability (ICC> 0.999) was found for the device in measuring distances and angles on a plastic cube. Intra- and intertester reliability for the foot measurements were high (ICC> 0.8) in most of the variables, with the lowest intratester reliability of 0.57 and the lowest intertester reliability of 0.38.     

Co-precipitation synthesis of nanocrystalline SnO2: Effect of Fe doping on structural,morphological and ethanol vapor response properties

The present study describes undoped and Fe-doped tin dioxide thick films as selective ethanol vapor sensors. The undoped and Fe doped SnO₂ powders were synthesized by using a facile co-precipitation route. The thick films of undoped and Fe-doped SnO₂ were deposited by screen-printing technique and then sintered at 650 °C for 2 h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) techniques. The XRD studies reveal formation of nanocrystalline structure. The particle size of undoped and Fe (2 and 4 mol%) doped SnO₂ sintered powders were 17, 10 and 8 nm, respectively. It was found that the response of SnO₂ improved on addition of Fe. The 2 mol% Fe doped SnO₂ exhibits highest response toward ethanol at the operating temperature of 300 °C with response and recovery time of 15 and 32 s, respectively.