Role of molecular structure on bioelectrochemical reduction of mononitrophenols from wastewater

The effect of nitro-substituent on mononitrophenol (o-nitrophenol (ONP), m-nitrophenol (MNP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP)) reduction in a bioelectrochemical system (BES) was investigated in this study. The results show that the removal of all three nitrophenols was significantly enhanced with more negative cathode potential and shortened hydraulic retention time in the BESs. Moreover, the reduction of the three nitrophenols followed in the order of ONP > MNP > PNP in the BESs. Both quantum chemical calculation using density function theory and cyclic voltammetry analysis confirmed the reductive sequence of the three nitrophenols. In addition, the acute toxicity of nitrophenol effluent significantly decreased while its biodegradability was enhanced after treatment in the BES. Therefore, the BES technology offers bright prospects for efficient treatment of nitrophenol-containing wastewater.     

基于有限元法的顺层岩质边坡锚杆加固稳定性分析

结合某道路顺层岩质高切边坡实例,运用大型有限元软件MIDAS/GTS建立顺层岩质边坡的平面应变二维模型,基于有限元强度折减法,对锚杆加固前后的边坡稳定性进行了研究,主要分析了锚杆加固前后边坡位移、塑性破坏区以及安全系数的变化;同时着重讨论了锚固长度、锚杆间距、倾角等因素对边坡整体稳定性的影响,对影响边坡整体稳定性的因素进行了敏感性研究,分析了各因素与边坡安全系数之间的函数曲线关系。     

利用原料1生产金属化阳极板试验研究

本文介绍了利用原料1在合金硫化炉进行金属化阳极板试验的过程。通过在合金硫化炉中进行原料1硫化、吹炼等试验过程,达到提镍降硫的目的。并在试验过程中摸索出了生产金属化阳极板的关键参数,同时对金属化阳极板中化学成分、镍直收率、钴直收率等关键指标进行了分析,为金属化阳极板的工业化生产提供了理论依据。     

Dynamic Simulation of Oxygen Transport Rates in Highly Ordered Electrodes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Highly ordered Pt electrode has been recognized as an important technology for reducing Pt usage in fuel cells due to its improved oxygen transport capability. However, ordered Pt electrode can lead to the decrease in roughness of electrode, which in turn makes it unclear whether the improved oxygen transport can offset the decreased roughness of ordered electrode. Herein, we theoretically investigate the oxygen distribution, generated current, and minimum Pt loading of ordered Pt electrode based on kinetic model of oxygen transport. The results reveal that ordered Pt electrodes do not exhibit concentration polarization with the electrode thickness up to 100 μm. For ordered Pt electrode with diameter of nanorod of 60 nm, the limited current density reaches 110.2 A cm⁻² that is much higher than that for conventional electrode without considering Ohmic loss and mass transport loss outside electrode. To generate a current of 1.5 A cm⁻² at 0.67 V for fuel cell, the minimum Pt loading of cathode in PEMFC reaches 0.029 mg cm⁻² assuming that the electrocatalyst nanorods contain 1 nm Pt layer at the outmost surface.     

导叶式旋风管整流罩减阻的实验研究

研究开发了一种新型减阻结构——整流罩,安装在排气管的入口处。此减阻元件可以减弱旋风管内旋流的旋转强度,而对外旋流基本没有影响,从而可以在保证总效率基本不变的情况下,较大程度地降低旋风管的压降,达到减阻的目的。     

焙烧还原条件下硬脂酸钠改性水滑石的制备及应用

以镁铝碳酸根型水滑石MgAl-CO₃-LDHs(LDHs)为前驱体,硬脂酸钠(NaSt)为改性剂,通过焙烧还原法在硬脂酸钠的溶液中制备硬脂酸钠改性水滑石LDHs-NaSt,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶转变红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对结构进行表征,并研究不同改性剂加入量条件下得到的改性水滑石对聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,在氮气保护下,焙烧后的水滑石可以成功复原,硬脂酸钠对LDHs的改性为表面改性,但影响复原水滑石的结晶度。改性水滑石可以改善PVC的初期着色性和长期热稳定性,随着改性剂浓度的增大,当NaSt与LDHs质量比为1∶4时,静态热老化时间可以达到370 min,比未改性水滑石热稳定性能提升了61%。     

含锌铅粉尘配碳球团中氧化铁还原动力学

在氮气气氛和１０５０～１３００℃温度范围内，采用化学分析方法研究了还原温度、过量碳及煤粉粒度对含锌铅粉尘配碳球团中氧化铁还原速率的影响．结果表明：还原温度对氧化铁还原速度有显著影响，过量碳和煤粉粒度对还原速率没有影响．在不同还原程度和还原温度下，得出了氧化铁还原的表观活化能，由活化能结果和还原动力学模型对实验结果进行分析，确定了氧化铁在不同还原程度和还原温度下的还原限制性环节．     

Mechanism of boron tribromide electroreduction

This study was carried out to investigate the electrochemical behavior of boron tribromide in dimethlyformamide. The reduction of the compound was found to follow a CE mechanism. The kinetic parameters and the diffusion coefficient were calculated by the use of ultramicrodisc electrodes and chronoamperometry. The number of electrons transferred was found to be 2 by rotating disc and ultramicro disc electrodes and 3 by coulometry. These results are in good accordance with those obtained from molten boron salts. This study is important in regard to electrochemical boronizing at low temperatures.     

还原氧化石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料微观结构及力学性能

采用水热还原法制备了不同还原程度的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),并将其添加到水泥浆体中,制得石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、力学性能测试仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对氧化石墨烯(GO)还原程度及水泥基复合材料的力学性能和微观结构进行测试。结果表明,在120℃水热条件下,控制不同还原时间可以得到不同还原程度的RGO;随着GO还原程度的提高,复合材料力学强度不断增加;RGO可使水泥更加密实,降低了水泥浆体的孔隙率,对水泥基复合材料起到增强增韧的作用。     

还原炉电极外套强制冷却装置的研究

分析了常用的还原炉电极外套强制冷却装置在技术上的不足,提出了新的强制冷却装置的设计方案。新的冷却装置在实际应用中取得了很好的效果,从而保证了多晶硅的产量和质量。