2-氯-4-氟-5-胺基苯基硫代乙酸合成路线的选择

以4-氯-2-氟-酰替苯胺为原料，经硝化，还原，重氮化，与巯基乙酸作用，水解反应制得化合物2-氯-4-氟-5-胺基苯基硫代乙酸甲酯，以4-氯-2-氟-5酰替苯胺为原料经酰化，还原，缩合制得化合物2-氯-4-氟-5-甲氧羰基硫代乙酸甲酯。通过比较2条工艺方法的优缺点确定了最佳工艺路线。     

Scale-up in the 4th dimension in the field of granulation and drying or how to avoid classical scale-up

In the pharmaceutical industry, the production of granules is based on a batch concept. This concept offers many advantages, as a batch can be accepted or rejected. However, the scale-up of the batch size may lead to problems. The variety of the equipment involved does not facilitate the scale-up process and the capital invested in space and equipment is high. An alternative approach is the use of a continuous process. However, continuous processes have the disadvantage among others that the batch size is not well defined. Thus, a special quasi-continuous production concept was developed, taking into account the advantages of a batch type and a continuous process. This concept was developed in cooperation with the Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology of the University of Basel, Glatt CH-4133 Pratteln and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel. The equipment allows to implement a “Just in Time Production Concept” as a large batch B consists of n subunit (SU) batches b, i.e. B=nb. The subunit batch b corresponds to, e.g. 7-kg material for the production of pharmaceutical granules for further processing such as tabletting. At the Roche production site, this novel process equipment was used to manufacture batch sizes B with n=10, n=100 and so far up to n=600 subunits. This leads to an optimal use of capital invested in GMP space and equipment. The difference to the classical scale-up is the following: with classical scale-up, the dimensions of the equipment x, y, z is enlarged and the process time is more or less kept constant. With this novel concept, the dimension x, y, z of the equipment is kept constant and the process is repeated in the 4th dimension “n times”. Thus, for the scale-up in the 4th dimension, i.e. in the time, the equipment needs to show a “self-cleaning” property and appropriate formulations. The novel concept is of special interest, as the quality of the product is not changed during scale-up.     

Quantified mass transfer and superior antiflooding performance of ordered macro‐mesoporous electrocatalysts

For oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), constructing porous catalysts are highly important for mass transfer inside. However, the various porous structures usually possess significantly different water buffer efficiency, that is, the antiflooding capability, for which one is still difficult to give a quantitative evaluation. In this work, we designed a special “rattle‐drum” like working electrode, by which an exactly quantitative assessment on the mass transfer efficiencies can be conducted. Particularly, ordered macro‐mesoporous Pt/C shows quantified mass transfer and antiflooding efficiency to be four times high as that of the commercial one. This observation should be attributed to their different pore characteristics, as the dual‐porosity Pt/C has 3.4 times the pore volume of the commercial one, together with regular pore arrangement. Simultaneously, it also demonstrated excellent durability, indicating that the macro‐mesoporous Pt/C indeed owns high stability in both antiflooding and durability. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2881–2889, 2018     

基于最优小波基的轴承故障状态特征提取方法研究

针对轴承故障诊断中最优小波基的选取问题,通过计算SUMVAR值选取最优小波基。用不同小波基对轴承故障仿真信号和故障实验信号进行降噪处理,分析降噪后信号与原信号的能量比值,降噪后信号与原信号标准差,峭度等指标,验证所选小波基的优越性。并对使用最优小波基降噪后信号做希尔伯特包络解调分析,结果表明,该方法能准确提取轴承故障特征频率。     

韧性概念的重新审视

自《2005—2015兵库行动框架》被采纳以来,受灾社区的恢复力紧密取决于受灾社区的韧性,已经成为灾害风险控制项目的共同特征。现在人们越来越多地关注受灾社区在灾难发生后不依靠或少依靠外部援助而"反弹"或恢复的能力。与其仅仅关注受灾对象的需求和弱点,不如把着眼点放在应对灾难的韧性上,这突出了灾害风险控制领域需要转变。然而在灾害学界的研究和学术领域,对韧性这一概念达成共识依然是个挑战。本文梳理了不同情况下韧性的定义,脆弱性在韧性主题中所扮演的角色和意义,以及脆弱性和韧性之间的差异。文章最后探讨和总结了韧性思维在我们认识和应对灾害时所具有的指导意义。     

某高铁铝土矿石铝铁分离试验

大量高铁铝土矿因氧化铁含量高、矿物嵌布关系复杂而处于待开发状态。为确定四川某高铁铝土矿的高效开发利用方案,对还原焙烧—弱磁选提铁—铝溶出的铝铁高效分离回收工艺中主要影响因素——焙烧制度、焙烧产物磨矿细度及弱磁选磁场强度进行了单因素条件试验。结果表明,在还原焙烧试样粒度为0.18~0 mm、配碳系数为2.0、焙烧温度为1 350℃、焙烧时间为20 min、焙烧产物磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占91%、弱磁选磁场强度为60kA/m情况下,可取得铁品位为89.83%、铁回收率为84.08%的金属铁粉,Al2O3浸出率为69.35%,较好地实现了铝、铁分离。     

基于影响函数法的轧制压力横向分布规律分析

轧制压力横向分布直接影响轧辊的弹性变形和轧件的出口厚度分布。文中基于影响函数矩阵法,对轧机辊系受力和弹性变形进行计算分析,研究轧制过程中弯辊力和压下率对轧制力横向分布的影响,揭示轧制压力横向分布系数与弯辊力呈近似线性增长、与压下率呈近似线性减小的规律。分析表明,通过调节弯辊力或在轧制规程中改变压下率设定,可改变轧制压力的分布。为轧制压力横向分布函数的在线快速计算和板凸度控制模型的建立提供基础。     

大规模数据集下支持向量机训练样本的缩减策略

大量数据下支持向量机的训练算法是SVM研究的一个重要方向和焦点。该文从分析SVM训练问题的实质和难点出发,提出一种在训练前先求出类别质心,去除非支持向量对应的样本,从而达到缩小样本集的方法。该方法在不损失分类正确率的情况下具有更快的收敛速度,并从空间几何上解释了支持向量机的原理。仿真实验证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

垦西稠油的降粘研究

垦西稠油是超稠油,开采的关键在于降粘。探索了温度、溶剂和乳化剂对垦西稠油的降粘效果。升温降粘法是稀释降粘法和乳化降粘法的基础。温度每升高１０℃,垦西７３１ 井稠油粘度降低在３８％ —５０ ％ 范围。稀释降粘法效果明显,加入５ ％ —１０％ 的芳烃溶剂即可将垦西７３１ 井稠油的粘度降低到可在５２—７８ ℃下顺利开采的程度。而乳化降粘法必须在升温降粘法和（或）稀释降粘法配合下使用。     

一种基于半监督学习的多维条件下电能表误差插值方法

目前电能表现场检定的研究中有一个关键问题:如何利用相互独立的电能表单维实验误差获得多维实验误差.文中搭建了分别包括温度、谐波、磁场在内的三个独立实验平台,且每个平台均可控制电能表负载参数.设计了虚拟的多维交叉实验点,并提出一种半监督学习方法,实现单维实测误差数据向多维交叉实验数据的插值,获得电能表在多维条件实验下的误差...