高强度低合金铌钒钢板的失效分析

针对高强度低合金铌钒钢板在拉伸试验后出现分层开裂的现象,采用SEM、EDAX进行微观分析,发现试样内部有大量夹杂物存在,这些夹杂物主要含有钙、氧、硫、锰等元素。带有缺陷的钢板若应用到实际工程中,会影响铁塔的寿命。     

流动液体中夹杂物超声去除的影响因素

以高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）颗粒和水形成的悬浮液为研究体系。考察了有无超声波作用下。介质流量、夹杂物数量以及夹杂物的粒径对总去除率、上浮去除率、壁面粘附去除率的影响。实验结果表明，在短时间内（30s)超声波对流动液体中的夹杂物具有明显的去除效果。总去除率达93％。夹杂物的总去除率随着超声波输入电功率的增大而提高；超声波对较多数量或较大粒径的夹杂物去除效果更显著。超声波作用下流动液体中的夹杂物比静止液体中的更容易去除。超声波对流动液体中夹杂物去除效果的去除机理主要是通过气泡捕获夹杂物，超声空化效应产生直接包裹夹杂物的气泡以及通过夹杂物碰撞凝聚使夹杂物容易上浮实现去除。     

Results on rotation symmetric polynomials over GF(p)

In this paper, we generalize the recent counting results about rotation symmetric Boolean functions to the rotation symmetric polynomials over finite fields GF(p). By using Möbius function, we obtain some formulas for more general n, the number of variables. Some known formula in Boolean case are simplified.     

Classification of Fuzzy Mathematical Morphologies Based on Concepts of Inclusion Measure and Duality

Mathematical morphology was originally conceived as a set theoretic approach for the processing of binary images. Extensions of classical binary morphology to gray-scale morphology include approaches based on fuzzy set theory. This paper discusses and compares several well-known and new approaches towards gray-scale and fuzzy mathematical morphology. We show in particular that a certain approach to fuzzy mathematical morphology ultimately depends on the choice of a fuzzy inclusion measure and on a notion of duality. This fact gives rise to a clearly defined scheme for classifying fuzzy mathematical morphologies. The umbra and the level set approach, an extension of the threshold approach to gray-scale mathematical morphology, can also be embedded in this scheme since they can be identified with certain fuzzy approaches.

基于GIM模型的输电线路通道隐患快速检测

为解决现有输电线路电网信息模型(grid information model, GIM)通道隐患检测方法检测效率低、优化算法存在漏检的问题,提出一种基于等线长点集化和球体包含原理的通道隐患快速检测方法。首先,采用等线长间隔采样方式将导线由空间曲线转化为离散点集,使离散点集在电力线上均匀分布以解决传统等水平间隔采样方式离散点集分布不均匀、特殊档精度较差问题;其次,在地物点到电力线离散点最近距离计算过程中引入球体包含原理对地物点隐患可能进行判断,对不存在隐患可能的地物点跳过邻近点搜索计算,实现通道隐患快速检测。实验表明,该方法在导线点集化方面,对于普通档、特殊档均能保证采样点均匀分布,在线长间隔为10 cm的情况下将最近点的定位误差始终控制在5 cm以内;在检测效率方面,在保证检测精度的前提下将隐患检测耗时优化为传统逐点检测耗时的6.9%,具有较强的实际应用价值。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of the mesoscale fracture behaviour of quenched steels

During heat treatment processes, especially during quenching, cracks may form because of the presence of high thermal and mechanical stresses and strains. Notwithstanding the fact that increasingly detailed modelling for heat treatment is being performed (considering, i.a., grain size, creep and transformation plasticity), homogeneous microstructures are still normally assumed. Chemical and hence structural inhomogeneities are not commonly explicitly considered, which is especially accentuated in the case of real parts simulation because of the resulting numerical problem's size. Intensive quenching on a cylindrical specimen of 100Cr6 (SAE) steel is proposed here to experimentally investigate the microcrack generation. A finite element based model is proposed to numerically evaluate the fracture behaviour in a two‐step simulation. First, by solving the quenching problem in direct correspondance with the experimental test performed, and second, by studying the mesoscale response taking into account the influence of second phase particles in a representative volume element based approach. The maximum principal stress criterion is used to trigger the fracture by means of the extended finite element method at the mesoscale. The trend to form cracks in the surface region, experimentally observed, has been well captured by the model. The influence of carbides sizes and content on the mesoscale fracture response has been numerically analysed as well. A good agreement has been reached between the simulations and the experimental results, exhibiting the potential of the introduced approach to be used as a failure prediction methodology.     

微镁处理对铸态低碳钢中夹杂物和组织的影响

在实验室条件下,对低碳钢进行微镁处理,以SEM-EDS和金相显微镜为表征手段,通过与空白样的对比,研究钢中夹杂物、组织的演变过程。结果表明:微镁处理使得夹杂物从Al_2O_3转变为Mg-Al-O复合夹杂物,并且其尺寸明显细化,密度显著增加。组织分析表明:Mg-Al复合夹杂物能够诱导晶内针状铁素体形核,并且在这些夹杂物附近的铁基体中存在贫锰区。理论分析认为这促进了晶内针状铁素体的形核,结晶核心起源于复合夹杂物中镁铝尖晶石的镁空位。     

Overview of the applications of thermodynamic databases to steelmaking processes

Computerized thermodynamic databases for solid and liquid steel, slags and solid oxide solutions, for large numbers of components, have been developed over the last three decades by critical evaluation/optimization of all available phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data. The databases contain model parameters specifically developed for molten slags, liquid and solid steel and solid oxide solutions. With user-friendly software, which accesses these databases, complex chemical reactions and phase equilibria occurring throughout the steelmaking process can be calculated over wide ranges of temperature, oxygen potential and pressure. In the present article, the thermodynamic models and databases for molten slag and liquid steel included in well-known thermochemical packages and their applications to complex steelmaking processes involving molten slag, steel, inclusions, refractories and gases are reviewed.     

Sliding mode control for polytopic differential inclusion systems

The stabilization problem of polytopic differential inclusion (PDI) systems is investigated by using sliding mode control. Sliding surface is designed and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of sliding mode dynamics are derived. A novel feedback law is established to make the state of system reach the sliding surface in a finite time. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed design.