有机相酶法制备溶血磷脂工艺

以大豆浓缩磷脂为原料,通过响应面分析法研究有机相酶法制备溶血磷脂的工艺条件,得出溶血磷脂酸值与影响因素间的回归模型,根据模型进行工艺参数优化。同时,用红外光谱法和高效液相色谱法对所得磷脂进行分析。结果表明,在正己烷有机相中利用磷脂酶A1制备溶血磷脂的最佳工艺参数:反应温度50℃、反应时间13h、加酶量4%、加水量17%、磷脂质量浓度24g/100mL,该条件下磷脂酸值为73.8mg KOH/g。该脱油溶血磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱和1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱含量分别为6.79%和4.45%。     

采后钙处理对香菇多糖和细胞稳定性的影响

以采后香菇子实体为原料,采取CaCl2溶液真空渗透法,研究Ca2+处理对采后香菇多糖、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性、膜透性和MDA的影响。结果表明：0.12mol/L CaCl2处理的效果最好,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性为20.54U/mg,香菇多糖含量为0.38%,膜电导率为85.11%,MDA含量为2.48μmol/L,均优于对照。不同浓度Ca2+处理均能抑制香菇采后β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,降低香菇多糖贮藏期间的损耗,并有效维持细胞膜结构的完整性。     

1-MCP处理对库尔勒香梨贮藏品质和生理效应的影响初报

试验以库尔勒香梨为试材,研究0.10 mg/kg,0.20 mg/kg,0.30 mg/kg浓度1-MCP对香梨贮藏过程中果实品质和生理变化的影响。结果表明:1-MCP结合保鲜袋和冷藏处理能够明显抑制果实质量损失,保持果实硬度,防止果实内总酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量变化。其中,0.10 mg/kg 1-MCP结合MAP和冷藏处理能较好地保持细胞膜的完整性,抑制维生素C含量变化,防止褐变;0.20mg/kg 1-MCP结合保鲜袋和冷藏处理能较好地保持果实质量。但1-MCP处理不能很好地控制保鲜袋内CO2的释放量,抑制微环境中果实的呼吸强度。     

嗜热链球菌grx02对酒精性肝损伤大鼠保护作用的分子机制

研究了嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型的保护作用机制。建立了急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型,观察嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清转氨酶以及炎症细胞因子的改善作用。结果表明,酒精可诱导大鼠血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)水平显著升高,;血清、肝匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-8(IL-8)细胞因子水平显著升高;乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著下降,与对照组比较均有显著性差异。结论:grx02可能通过抑制炎性因子,增强抗氧化酶系活性、抑制氧化应激引发的肝损伤,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤发挥保护作用。     

锅炉用12Cr1MoV合金钢在高温水蒸气中的腐蚀失效分析

为研究高温环境中水蒸气对12Cr1Mo V合金钢的腐蚀行为,在实验室模拟实际工况,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对12Cr1Mo V合金钢表面腐蚀产物的形貌和成分进行表征。研究结果表明:在500℃水蒸气中,12Cr1Mo V合金钢表面形成了疏松并龟裂严重的腐蚀产物,导致锅炉减温器发生腐蚀减薄最终失效,腐蚀产物的相组成主要是Fe3O4和Fe2O3。     

天山一号冰川产果胶酶酵母菌的筛选及其系统发育分析

从前期天山冰川冻土及融水中分离到68株可培养酵母菌中,通过筛选性培养基筛选产低温果胶酶的菌株。选择培养基显示菌株C2、C9、L1和L13可产低温果胶酶。对4株酵母菌最适生长温度进行测定,16 ℃条件下4株酵母菌均能生长,属耐冷菌范畴。通过26S rDNA基因序列分析确定产果胶酶菌种的系统进化地位,在系统发育上,4株产酶菌分别与Cryptococcus macerans DQ377662、Cryptococcus sp. DQ377668、Rhodotorula laryngis JQ768911、Rhodotorula sp. JX124722的同源性最高。     

阿瑞吡坦合成工艺研究进展

阿瑞吡坦作为一种神经激肽-1(NK-1)受体阻断剂,被认为是效果最好的化疗止吐药物之一。本文综述了阿瑞吡坦合成的研究进展,着重介绍了阿瑞吡坦的最重要中间体的多种合成方法。     

1-MCP及其结构相似物处理对番茄采后贮藏效果的影响

为了研究环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂的作用效果,以绿熟期番茄为试材,用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、1-戊基环丙烯(1-PentCP)、1-辛基环丙烯(1-OCP)处理后,常温(18℃±2℃)贮藏,每隔3 d测定1次理化指标,研究三者对番茄果实后熟衰老和贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:1-MCP及其结构相似物处理番茄不同程度地降低了呼吸强度和乙烯释放量的峰值,抑制了番茄果实硬度的下降,延缓了可溶性固形物含量的上升,同时也有效抑制了后熟期番茄果实过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延缓了果实的后熟衰老。3种试验的抑制剂中,1-MCP、1-PentCP和1-OCP处理随支链长度的增加,抑制后熟衰老的效果依次降低。     

Phylogenetic analyses and toxigenic profiles of Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium acuminatum isolated from cereals from Southern Europe

Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium acuminatum are toxigenic species that contaminate cereal crops from diverse climatic regions. They are common in Spanish cereals. The information available on their phylogenetics and toxigenic profiles is, however, insufficient to assist risk evaluation. In this work, phylogenetic analyses were performed using partial sequences of the translation elongation factor gene (EF-1α) of F. equiseti and F. acuminatum strains isolated from barley and wheat from Spain and other countries. The Northern and Southern European F. equiseti strains largely separated into two phylogenetically distinct clusters. This suggests the existence of two distinct populations within this species, explaining its presence in these regions of markedly different climate. Production of type A and B trichothecenes by the Spanish strains, examined in wheat cultures using a multitoxin analytical method, indicated that F. equiseti could produce deoxynivalenol and nivalenol and other trichothecenes, at concentrations that might represent a significant risk of toxin contamination for Southern European cereals. F. acuminatum showed low intraspecific genetic variability and 58% of the strains could produce deoxynivalenol at low level. Neither species was found to produce T-2 or HT-2 toxins. The present results provide important phylogenetic and toxigenic information essential for the accurate prediction of toxigenic risk.     

Acceleration of cellulose degradation and shift of product via methanogenic co-culture of a cellulolytic bacterium with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen

Although the effects of syntrophic relationships between bacteria and methanogens have been reported in some environments, those on cellulose decomposition using cellulolytic bacteria from methanogenic reactors have not yet been examined. The effects of syntrophic co-culture on the decomposition of a cellulosic material were investigated in a co-culture of Clostridium clariflavum strain CL-1 and the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain ΔH and a single-culture of strain CL-1 under thermophilic conditions. In this study, strain CL-1 was newly isolated as a cellulolytic bacterium from a thermophilic methanogenic reactor used for degrading garbage slurry. The degradation efficiency and cell density of strain CL-1 were 2.9- and 2.7-fold higher in the co-culture than in the single-culture after 60?h of incubation, respectively. Acetate, lactate and ethanol were the primary products in both cultures, and the concentration of propionate was low. The content of acetate to total organic acids plus ethanol was 59.3% in the co-culture. However, the ratio decreased to 24.9% in the single-culture, although acetate was the primary product. Therefore, hydrogen scavenging by the hydrogenotrophic methanogen strain ΔH could shift the metabolic pathway to the acetate production pathway in the co-culture. Increases in the cell density and the consequent acceleration of cellulose degradation in the co-culture would be caused by increases in adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels, as the acetate production pathway includes ATP generation. Syntrophic cellulose decomposition by the cellulolytic bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens would be the dominant reaction in the thermophilic methanogenic reactor degrading cellulosic materials.