渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷北部石炭—二叠系煤成油气成藏条件及勘探前景

苏桥—文安是渤海湾盆地最早发现石炭—二叠系煤成油气的地方,近期仍有新的发现。为查明研究区源于石炭—二叠系的油气成藏规律,进行了煤系烃源岩二次生烃等成藏背景分析,发现该区存在3种成藏模式:石炭—二叠系自生自储、上古生下古储潜山以及古生新储第三系混源。3 500～5 000 m的石炭—二叠系生油窗是自生自储型油气成藏的控制要素;断距超过300 m,造成奥陶系与石炭—二叠系烃源灶对接,是潜山油气成藏的控制要素;活动性断层沟通煤系源灶,是第三系混源成藏的条件。还指出了3个有利前景区,明确了进一步勘探方向。     

有机-水混合溶剂中氯离子对C—H键的电氧化腈化性能

有机电化学合成中大部分有机反应底物不溶于水,往往需要添加适量的有机溶剂形成有机-水混合溶剂。氯离子作为无机媒质在有机电化学合成中应用广泛,但氯离子往往溶解于水相中。而溶剂是电化学合成中的一个重要影响因素,因此很有必要对氯离子在有机-水混合溶剂中的电化学性能进行系统研究。采用循环伏安法(CV)、线性扫描法(LSV)、计时电量法研究了氯离子在有机-水混合溶剂中的动力学参数,考察了阳极材料、扫描速率、混合溶液中水的含量、有机溶剂的种类等对氯离子电化学氧化性能的影响。并以氯离子为媒质,在无隔膜电解槽中,通过间接电化学活化对甲氧基甲苯(p-MeOBT)甲基上的C—H键原位生成醛,并进一步转化为相应的腈类化合物。以p-MeOBT为反应底物,在乙腈-水混合溶液(体积比7∶3)中,恒电流电解(CCE) 12 h,60℃下,目标产物对甲氧基苯甲腈(p-MeOBCN)的收率达80%。通过对反应过程中各中间物种的监测,提出了可能的C—H键间接电腈化腈化反应机理。     

紫花前胡挥发油的多种组分的结构表征及其保留时间的估计和预测

用分子电距矢量(MEDV)对紫花前胡挥发油的62种组分在GCMS中的保留时间进行了定量构效关系的研究。通过多元线性回归,得到的相关系数R=0 958。用逐步回归的方法筛选7个变量进行建模,相关系数R=0 957,再用留一法(Leave one out,LOO)交互检验对模型进行评价,得到的相关系数RCV=0 933。所以此模型具有较好的稳定性和预测能力。     

A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based direct method to detect stiction in control valves

Control valves are considered important capital assets in any process industry. A properly maintained control valve can have a significant impact on how well the process is controlled as well as the overall cost of the plant. However, control valves can suffer from poor control performance due to valve non-linearities. One of the main reasons for non-linearity is control valve stiction. Stiction not only causes oscillations in the process variables but also shortens the life of the control valve, resulting in an economic loss for the process. In a process plant, a control engineer generally analyzes the time series plot of process value (PV), set point (SP), and controller output (OP) data and identifies stiction based on the typical shape pattern of PV/SP/OP plot. In this study, the same shape pattern methodology is adapted to identify stiction using convolutional neural network (CNN) technique. A one-dimensional convolution neural network (Conv1D) algorithm is developed, which works directly on PV/SP/OP time series data for stiction detection. The proposed CNN algorithm is tested on both simulated and industrial control loop data. The suggested method provides promising results with a combined stiction prediction accuracy of 92% (92.2% in predicting non-sticky and 91.53% in predicting sticky loops) for the industrial loops data studied.     

Nanobiofunctionalized chitosan nanocomposite hydrogel as a highly biocompatible cancer drug carrier

A bio-inspired drug carrier was developed by dual functionalization of chitosan using L-glutamic acid (GA) and phyto-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs). A highly porous, three-dimensional network of nanocomposite hydrogel (GA-CHGZ) was obtained upon cross-linking chitosan using biomass-derived dialdehyde cellulose. The hydrogel was optimally loaded with naringenin (NRG) and further characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and swelling studies. An enhanced NRG loading efficiency of 85.23% was obtained using functionalized hydrogel compared to 52.54% using non-functionalized hydrogel. Delivery studies displayed a maximum release of 69.63% for 1.0 mg/ml of initial NRG concentration at pH 5, which is a highly preferred condition for cancer therapeutics. While ZNPs’ embedment was instrumental in improving the NRG loading and delivery rates, the GA conjugation increased the stability of NRG in the GA-CHGZ, aiding sustained NRG release, which followed a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism with polymer swelling. Antimicrobial potential was explored against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum strains. The biocompatibility assay using L929 normal cells showed enhanced cell proliferation characteristics for the materials, revealing significant cell viability. The anticancer activity of NRG tested against A431 human skin carcinoma cells increased up to nine-fold with a reduced IC₅₀ value when a functionalized hydrogel was used instead of pure NRG without the nanocomposite carrier. Thus, the bio-functionalized drug–carrier system has a promising application for wound healing and topical skin cancer therapies.     

The State of the Art in Visualizing Dynamic Multivariate Networks

Most real-world networks are both dynamic and multivariate in nature, meaning that the network is associated with various attributes and both the network structure and attributes evolve over time. Visualizing dynamic multivariate networks is of great significance to the visualization community because of their wide applications across multiple domains. However, it remains challenging because the techniques should focus on representing the network structure, attributes and their evolution concurrently. Many real-world network analysis tasks require the concurrent usage of the three aspects of the dynamic multivariate networks. In this paper, we analyze current techniques and present a taxonomy to classify the existing visualization techniques based on three aspects: temporal encoding, topology encoding, and attribute encoding. Finally, we survey application areas and evaluation methods; and discuss challenges for future research.     

The State of the Art in Creating Visualization Corpora for Automated Chart Analysis

We present a state-of-the-art report on visualization corpora in automated chart analysis research. We survey 56 papers that created or used a visualization corpus as the input of their research techniques or systems. Based on a multi-level task taxonomy that identifies the goal, method, and outputs of automated chart analysis, we examine the property space of existing chart corpora along five dimensions: format, scope, collection method, annotations, and diversity. Through the survey, we summarize common patterns and practices of creating chart corpora, identify research gaps and opportunities, and discuss the desired properties of future benchmark corpora and the required tools to create them.     

Design,manufacture, and clamping operation of a 4-DOF piezoelectric micro-gripper

To improve the operational flexibility of the piezoelectric microgripper, a new four-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric microgripper was designed and fabricated. The clamp fingers can move both along the clamping direction and along its vertical direction. Also, clamping experiments were conducted on a φ 300 μm × 20 mm micro-shaft. Based on the transverse inverse piezoelectric effect of two groups of vertical intersections, a new configuration of a four-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric micro-gripper is designed. It can produce micro-displacement along the clamping direction and vertical clamping direction simultaneously. According to the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, the Lagrangian function method and Hamilton variational principle are used to model the four-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric micro-gripper. Then, based on the optimization of the geometric parameters of the fingers, the static and dynamic characteristics of the microgripper are analyzed by the finite element method. After that, the micro-gripper is made using lithography, gluing, and laser cutting. Finally, the piezoelectric microgripper's static and dynamic characteristics and the micro-shaft's clamping operation are tested by experiments. The experimental results show that the maximum displacement, response time, and natural frequency of the designed micro-gripper along and perpendicular to the clamping direction agree well with the finite element simulation. The designed microgripper exhibits a promising prospect in practical micromanipulation applications.