Aluminium content of Spanish infant formula

Levels of aluminium in 82 different infant formulae from nine different manufacturers in Spain were determined by acid-microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The influence of aluminium content in tap water in reconstituted powder formulae was examined and an estimate was made of the theoretical toxic aluminium intake in comparison with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Possible interactions between aluminium and certain essential trace elements added to infant formulations have been studied according to the type or main protein-based infant formula. In general, the infant formulae contained a higher aluminium content than that found in human milk, especially in the case of soya, preterm or hydrolysed casein-based formulae. Standard formulae gave lower aluminium intakes amounting to about 4% PTWI. Specialized and preterm formulae resulted in a moderate intake (11-12 and 8-10% PTWI, respectively) and soya formulae contributed the highest intake (15% PTWI). Aluminium exposure from drinking water used for powder formula reconstitution was not considered a potential risk. In accordance with the present state of knowledge about aluminium toxicity, it seems prudent to call for continued efforts to standardize routine quality control and reduce aluminium levels in infant formula as well as to keep the aluminium concentration under 300 μg l^-1 for all infant formulae, most specifically those formulae for premature and low birth neonates.     

酸溶性钛渣酸解工艺研究

针对攀枝花钛铁矿冶炼钛渣的物化性质，对影响钛渣酸解率和钛液指标的各个因素进行了全面系统的实验室研究，并在年产2000t钛白生产线上进行了工业验证和优化试验，酸解率稳定在93％以上，三价钛控制在1－3g/L，钛液浓度较钛矿酸解提高了40－50g/L，其它钛液指标达到了后续水解工艺的要求。     

N,N′-二(β-十八酰氧基)乙基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成及性能研究

用 N,N′-二羟乙基乙二胺、氯乙酸钠合成了 N,N′-二羟乙基乙二胺二乙酸钠(中间体),中间体再与硬脂酰氯反应制备了一种新型 Gemini 两性表面活性剂 N,N′-二(β-十八酰氧基)乙基乙二胺二乙酸钠。对产物合成条件进行了考察,优化的反应条件为:n(硬脂酰氯):n(中间体)=2.5,溶剂 V(水):V(氯仿)=1:2,pH=9.0～10.0,反应温度15～20℃,反应时间5 h。通过红外光谱和质谱分析确定了产物结构,并测试了产物的表面性能。结果表明,在25℃时,该产物的临界胶束浓度为0.24 mmol/L,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力为35.7 mN/m;即时泡沫高度为250 mm,5 min 后泡沫高度为220 mm;乳化时间为22.48 min(甲苯-水物系)和4.65 min(正己烷-水物系),亲水-亲油平衡值为5.4,等电点为 pH 3.3～6.5。     

Effect of fluoropolymer antidripping agent on the microstructure and properties of polyesters

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is of excellent mechanical properties and melt processability and is widely used as raw material for textile fibers. However, the flame retardant properties of PET were rather poor, and both reactive and additive phosphorus- and halogen-containing compounds have been employed to enhance the reaction-to-fire properties while the meltdripping behaviour during burning hasn’t been handled properly with the flame retardants. In this work, fluoropolymer was blended with both pure PET (pPET) and reactive phosphorus-containing flame retarded copolyester (fPET), and the flame retardance and char formation and mechanical properties of the resulted pPET and fPET blends were investigated. The tensile strengths of modified pPET samples were worsen whereas those of modified fPET samples were improved at low concentrations. The initial thermal degradation in nitrogen was accelerated remarkably for the two polyesters with fluoropolymer. The oxygen indices of the all modified samples were reduced while char formation and meltdripping suppression were encouraged. The apparent melt viscosity and elasticity for the two polyesters were gained much with antidripping agent. Therefore, fluoropolymer improved char formation of the two polyesters based on the gaseous phase mechanism while the partial suppression of meltdripping behavior and the decrease of mechanical properties mainly originated from the increase of melt viscosity via fibrillation for pPET.     

非定常流弯肘型尾水管不规则压力脉动预测

尾水管内螺旋状涡带引起的压力脉动是造成混流式水轮机机组振动的主要原因之一,直接威胁机组的安全运行。为此,提出一种基于CFD数值计算的水轮机尾水管压力脉动数字化预测法,并利用此法对一大型混流式水轮机偏工况下尾水管内水流流动进行了长时间非定常流计算,讨论该工况下尾水管内死水域与涡带的运动规律,预测了尾水管的不规则压力脉动,压力脉动分析结果表明,其波形、频率、相位与实际基本一致。     

Influence of BaO on Pd/Al2O3-based catalysts in C2H4 and CO oxidation as well as in NO reduction

In this study, Pd/Al₂O₃ and Pd/BaO/Al₂O₃ metallic monoliths were used to investigate the effect of BaO in C₂H₄ and CO oxidation as well as in NO reduction. A FT-IR gas analyser was used to study the activity of the catalysts. Several activity experiments carried out with dissimilar feedstreams revealed that BaO enhances CO and C₂H₄ oxidation as well as NO reduction reactions in rich conditions. This effect is due to BaO, which causes a decrease in the ethene poisoning of palladium. In lean conditions BaO is present in the form of Ba(OH)₂ which reacts with oxidised NO releasing water. Therefore, NO was stored during the lean reaction.     

DSP技术在液压混合动力汽车能源控制方面的应用

文章分析了液压混合动力汽车的发展趋势,简述数字信号处理器(DSP)作为控制器的优势和DSP作为控制器对并联式混合动力液压车的能源控制的工作原理,给出了能源控制系统DSP信号流程图和主程序流程图。测试结果表明,DSP能源控制系统能够比较精确的对液压混合动力车的能量消耗与分配进行控制,具有很好的应用前景。     

SDI接口数字监视设备的设计与实现

介绍了一种对SDV(串行数字视频)信号进行解码的设备设计方案，提出了该系统的总体构架，并对该系统的硬件设计、软件设计进行了全面的论述。设计的产品具有较高的性能价格比，已进入了推广阶段。     

扬州芍药

研究扬州芍药的栽培简史,明确扬州芍药的历史地位,通过对扬州芍药现状的了解,提出积极措施,努力恢复扬州芍药的园艺地位.     

Analytical characterization of cadmium cyanamide in CdS thin films and bulk precipitates produced from CBD process in pilot plant

CdS thin films and bulk precipitates were obtained by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in a well-closed reactor. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, elemental analysis and leaching have been used to characterize solids and thin films. It has been shown that the proportion of cadmium cyanamide in solids may vary from about 50% to 2% according to physicochemical conditions in solution (time after CBD, ammonia concentration) and that CdO results from CdCN₂ after air annealing of thin films. This last step also increases the crystallinity of the films.