HRV系列降粘剂在冀中南部稠油开采中的应用

为解决冀中南部１０多个稠油油藏原油粘度高,开采难度大的问题,开发了应用ＨＲＶ系列乳化降粘剂开采此类油藏的新方法,解决了稠油在地层,井筒难以流动的问题,而且使稠油的地面输送简单化现场应用表明,ＨＲＶ系列稠油乳化降粘剂使用浓度小,乳化效率高,降粘效果好,同时不影响原油破乳,具有较大的推广使用价值。     

长垣南—古龙地区黑帝庙油层油气分布规律

为了认清长垣南—古龙地区黑帝庙油层油气分布规律,通过地层格架建立与沉积相划分、油源对比等方法,结合构造发育及圈闭特征,采用油气成藏地质条件综合分析方法,研究了油气成藏主控因素及油气藏特征。研究表明:黑帝庙油层发育构造、岩性2种类型油气藏,构造油气藏主要沿长垣南部地区葡萄花、敖包塔及敖包塔南构造带发育,岩性油气藏主要沿古龙地区砂岩上倾尖灭带分布;长垣南地区的油气主要来自供给相对不足的青山口组远源烃源岩,形成远源次生构造油气藏,古龙地区的油气主要来自供给充足的嫩一、二段近源烃源岩,形成近源原生岩性油气藏。     

中国华南地区下寒武统烃源岩沉积环境、发育模式与分布预测

早寒武世是地史中生命爆发的重要时期，海侵作用导致全球广泛发育富含有机质的黑色页岩，将其成就为全球油气最为重要的勘探层系之一。中国华南地区虽然也广泛发育下寒武统黑色页岩，但是由于受古地貌、沉积相、后期构造变动等因素影响，导致烃源岩空间分布差异大、非均质性强，给油气勘探带来风险。在前人大量基础研究工作的基础上，通过对华南地区11个露头剖面和3口钻孔资料的调研收集、以及新观察采集1个剖面的样品测试分析，综合运用主微量元素、铁组分、有机碳含量、古生物等分析资料，系统研究了华南地区寒武系烃源岩的地质地球化学特征与成因机制。发现下寒武统烃源岩在纵向上具有自下而上水体从硫化到还原再到弱氧化、TOC逐渐降低、烃源岩质量逐渐变差的特点，微量元素和铁组分数据揭示了古海洋环境演变对优质烃源岩形成的控制作用；平面上自西向东烃源岩质量变好、TOC逐渐增高、厚度增大，表明沉积相对烃源岩分布具有控制作用，揭示了斜坡相和台地相裂陷槽内烃源岩的质量最好。基于大量分析资料和剖面对比，认为烃源岩厚度和质量明显受控于古裂陷和沉积环境。结合露头和钻井资料，对华南地区下寒武统烃源岩厚度分布开展预测，明确了深层油气和页岩气富集的有利地区。     

南海北部天然气水合物物性参数评价与分类体系构建

由于目前海洋天然气水合物（以下简称水合物）钻采案例少、取样成本高、保温保压技术难度大，导致对其储层物性原位测试及资源等级定量分类评价认识不清、资源等级划分与开发模式响应关系不明。为此，根据南海北部实际水合物取样岩心资料，利用室内水合物声电力学测试装置，测定了不同组分、饱和度下含水合物沉积物的声波、电阻率、饱和度、渗透率、偏应力以及应变等物性参数，基于层次分析法，建立了水合物物性参数敏感度熵权综合评价模型，对水合物参数敏感性进行了评价；进而依据参数变化规律和敏感性分析结果，建立了海域水合物的物理参数评价方法与划分标准。研究结果表明：①南海北部水合物储层主要为胶结强度较差的砂泥质粉砂为主，粉砂、黏土含量较高，储层中位粒径主要介于9～30 μm，水合物饱和度范围介于20%～60%，解析气主要为甲烷气体；②水合物参数敏感性从高到低顺序依次为：偏应力、应变、气量、纵波速度、电阻率、渗透率和横波速度；③南海北部水合物藏综合划分为非成岩Ⅰ类、非成岩Ⅱ类、非成岩Ⅲ类和成岩Ⅳ类、成岩Ⅴ类；④南海北部荔湾区域水合物储层属于泥质浅层沉积，无完整圈闭构造，结构较为松散，属于非成岩Ⅱ类水合物藏，水合物钻采面临工程风险、地质风险、设备风险3大安全风险。结论认为，该研究成果为后续海域水合物资源评价、分类以及与之对应的合理开发方式优选提供了理论指导和技术方法。     

南黄海古生代盆地原型演变与烃源岩发育特征

钻井及露头证实下扬子陆区发育下寒武统幕府山组、上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统高家边组、二叠系3套烃源岩。盆地发育时期的动力学环境决定该时期的盆地原型,盆地原型影响盆内岩相及烃源岩展布。幕府山组沉积时期,南黄海盆地表现为张裂背景下的被动陆缘克拉通盆地,盆地相及深水陆棚相呈环带状围绕古隆起或台地发育,为烃源岩发育优势相带,推测南黄海盆地中部隆起及北部幕府山组烃源岩发育较好;五峰组—高家边组沉积时期,南黄海盆地表现为挤压背景下的前陆盆地,盆地相、斜坡相、深水陆棚相由西北向东南依次呈条带状分布,盆地相、深水陆棚相为烃源岩发育优势相带,预测五峰组—高家边组烃源岩主要在南黄海地区中北部发育且有一定厚度;上二叠统龙潭组沉积时期,南黄海盆地表现为挤压背景下的活动大陆边缘坳陷型盆地,在该盆地中各沉积相带呈环带状分布,三角洲相、潮坪相、沼泽相为烃源岩发育优势相带,发育龙潭组品质中等—好的烃源岩;预测龙潭组烃源岩在南黄海盆地中部发育,是南黄海盆地古生界的次要烃源岩。     

煤的二次生烃机理探讨

文中利用一种新的气源岩定量评价方法对南华北盆地上古生界煤的二次生烃机理进行了研究。主要采用两个系列的热模拟实验,即连续生烃热模拟和分段生烃热模拟(模拟沉降—抬升—沉降过程),还探讨了煤岩二次生烃的特点。     

Residents' attitudes to proposed wind farms in the West Coast region of South Africa: A social perspective from the South

The West Coast Region (WCR) of the Western Cape Province in South Africa is earmarked for 13 onshore wind farm projects totaling approximately 700 wind turbines. The developed world debate about the social acceptance of wind farm projects has impeded and illuminated a number of these developments. This paper is aimed at understanding people's reaction to proposed wind farm projects in the WCR – a region of a developing country – and to investigate whether the reasoning behind opposition to or acceptance of wind farm projects is similar to the discourse on the topic by scholars in the developed world. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect primary data by semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey. A spatial dimension was added through a map-based approach. Reactions by WCR residents to the wind farm projects were mainly positive, although some opposition was detected. International scholarship holds that place attachment serves as a reason for opposition to wind farm projects. Although most of the WCR residents had strong place attachments to their region, most of the respondents also supported the proposed wind farm projects.     

Comparison of national e‐health implementation in the United States and South Korea

With the development of the health care industry, there has been growing recognition that e‐health implementation is needed to improve the efficiency, quality, and safety of care. In addition, a review of previous studies suggests that much can be learned by investigating the difference in national e‐health implementation in the United States and in South Korea. To this end, the main objective of this article is to compare the national e‐health implementation in the case of the United States and South Korea. The results show that in the United States a decentralized e‐health implementation is being followed by individual‐level e‐health. South Korea is pursuing ubiquitous health (u‐health) after a hospital information system and electronic health were implemented. The United States still lags behind many other countries in the implementation of e‐health, possibly due to its low uncertainty avoidance culture. South Korea has been among the frontrunner groups in e‐health implementation as a consequence of its highly developed telecommunication infrastructures and high uncertainty avoidance culture. On the basis of these results, we recommend that establishing health care policies be done on a national scale that takes into account the countries’ cultures.     

Reliability of self-administered Work Ability Index questionnaire among Korean workers

Although the Work Ability Index (WAI) has been used in many countries, its reliability is yet to be validated in Korea. In our study, test–retest results of WAI total score, WAI category and seven subscales were compared. The correlation coefficients of WAI total score and subscales 1 and 2 between test and retest were 0.70, 0.80 and 0.63, respectively. The κ values on WAI category, subscales 4, 5, 6 and 7 were 0.52, 0.32, 0.31, 0.48 and 0.85, respectively. The results of our reliability test show that WAI scores of female, younger and private company workers were found to be higher than those of male, older and public company workers, respectively. We conclude that overall test–retest reliability of WAI in Korea is acceptable. Another notable observation from our study is that work ability dimension (subscales 1, 2 and 7) had a higher reliability, whereas health dimension (subscales 3–6) had a lower reliability.