Global managemenT : A new challenge for oil companies

The oil industry went global well before the word became fashionable. Decades ago, the majors succeeded in integrating their activities so that they achieved almost total mastery over their environment. The changes of the past 20 years, in particular, the nationalizations of the early 1970s imposed new challenges on large oil companies. They now face the complexity of a more competitive environment that they no longer control. The response of many companies has been to redesign their organizations so as to reduce the layers of command. This paper goes further, suggesting a model of organization which favours lateral relations and increases the input of country affiliates in the strategic planning process.     

购买中的潜力

介绍了购买管理在供应链管理中的重要性，指出了在购买管理中只有生产者和供货者正确处理好合作关系，共同为缩小总成本而努力，才能有效地抵卸各种价格波动，增加纯利润。     

制导精度评定的蒙特卡罗模拟

为解决由于战略导弹飞行试验发数少，难以评定制导精度的困难，开展制导精度评定的蒙特卡罗模拟是必要。本文介绍了战略导弹制导精度评定的蒙特卡罗模拟方法，在工程应用中遇到的几个重要问题以及解决问题的具体方法。     

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如何综合开发利用CO₂资源,充分利用其有利方面,有效控制影响自然生态环境的CO₂排放量,促进人类与自然及社会经济的全面、协调、可持续发展,已是当务之急。为此,建议创建中国国家级的CO₂研究开发中心,将CO₂作为庞大的系统工程项目进行全方位的科技攻关,领导和统筹国家CO₂勘探开发、资源评价与综合开发利用及CO₂与环境等多专业全方位的科技联合攻关研究。阐述了CO₂研究开发中心的研究攻关任务及目的,提出了CO₂研究与综合开发利用的措施与建议。     

三网融合背景下我国广电网络信息安全政策及技术措施思考

本文对三网融合背景下广电网络面临的信息安全威胁进行了分析,并从政策及技术措施两个角度提出了三网融合背景下我国广电网络信息安全相关建议及对策。     

四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组天然气来源及勘探方向

四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组天然气勘探近年来取得重要突破后继而成为业内关注的热点,但对气源的认识存在较大的分歧。基于天然气地球化学特征开展的成因鉴别和气源对比研究表明,雷口坡组天然气既有主要来自下伏上二叠统龙潭组/吴家坪组烃源岩（磨溪雷一段气藏）,断裂下盘须一段烃源岩有一定贡献（中坝雷三段气藏）或供烃条件（川西雷四段气藏）,也有主要来自须家河组烃源岩,雷口坡组自身烃源岩有一定贡献（元坝和龙岗雷四段气藏）。雷口坡组气藏具有3种不同的源储组合,其天然气勘探方向具有差异。上二叠统龙潭组烃源岩作为主力烃源岩构成下生上储型,切穿龙潭组至雷口坡组的深断裂周缘的正向构造是寻找雷口坡组规模性气藏的最有利区。上三叠统须家河组底部烃源岩和雷口坡组顶部储层可以构成旁生侧储型,岩溶残丘或岩溶斜坡局部构造高点是这类组合较有利的发育部位。雷口坡组自身构成自生自储型,这类组合往往作为辅助参与气藏形成。     

川东南回龙场地区小河坝组砂岩元素特征及古环境意义

川东南志留系小河坝组具有良好的生储盖组合,勘探前景较好,但小河坝组的沉积学和地球化学等基础研究薄弱,制约了目的层系的油气勘探。以川东南回龙场地区为例,系统采集了研究区小河坝组101个样品,利用常量及微量元素分析了小河坝组古沉积环境及其演化特征。结果表明,小河坝组主要形成于淡水—微咸水、温暖潮湿、弱氧化—弱还原的浅水三角洲沉积环境;纵向上,海平面变化表现为2个海侵—海退旋回,自下而上划分为X1、X2、X3和X4共4段。X1、X3段为海侵体系域（TST）,气候温暖湿润,古盐度较低,水体还原性强,古水深较深;X2、X4段为高水位体系域(HST),气候干燥炎热,古盐度较高,水体还原性弱,古水深较浅。     

Strategic environmental assessment in Romania: between benefits and constraints

This paper offers an overall picture of the importance of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Romania and its opportunities and constraints. The role, scope and effectiveness of SEA in Romania are presented in two good practice examples and examined in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the procedure at national and local scale. In practice, the number of SEA procedures is very high due to the legislation in force, and it is increasingly effective in decision-making about programmes and plans. SEA can be viewed as a great opportunity for the implementation of sustainable development in practice. It also continues to be an important procedural and decisional instrument for management and monitoring of socioeconomic development, spatial planning and environmental protection in Romania.     

Reflecting on the preparation of guidelines for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of nuclear power programmes

In this paper, the ‘guidelines for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of nuclear power programmes’ by the International Atomic Energy Agency are introduced. This includes a reflection on their preparation process and contents as well as consultation feedback. The preparation process started with two meetings of international nuclear and SEA experts and the creation of a writing team which prepared an initial set of draft guidelines. This was followed by various consultation exercises. The guidelines are organised along an allocation of tasks within a tiered system of energy related policies, plans, programmes and projects. Whilst consultation showed that there was agreement on the approach to most issues, no consensus was present on the extent to which economic and social issues should be fully integrated with environmental considerations. Strong support was given to the way quality review is designed, going beyond focusing on the main SEA reports to cover procedural and participatory aspects next to elements of a comprehensively tiered decision making framework, the ability to influence decisions as well as the quality (expertise and experience) of those involved in conducting the SEA.

Abbreviation: SEA: Strategic Environmental Assessment; EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment; IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency     

On the usefulness of guidelines and instructions for environmental assessment – a qualitative study of the helpfulness perceived by Polish practitioners

Guidelines and instructions for Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment (together referred to as EA here) are developed to improve the quality of legal requirements’ implementation and to support EA procedure accomplishment. However, to date, it has not been checked whether they are useful for practitioners. Therefore, the aim of the study underlying this paper was to verify, based on the experience of Polish EA experts, whether guidelines and instructions are useful in their everyday work. A qualitative study comprising of a questionnaire survey and interviews tested whether (1) EA practitioners know and use the Polish and EU guidelines, (2) how EA practitioners evaluate the validity and usefulness of such instructions, and (3) in which areas there is a lack of instructions and guidelines. The results show a low level of knowledge of national and EU handbooks. Those guidelines focusing on legal procedures, road investments and designing animal passageways are considered to be the most useful. Moreover, practitioners indicate that EU guidelines should be translated into Polish. Most important for practitioners is the linking of guidelines with the EA procedure, so that they can become a platform for dialogue of all stakeholders.