大容量电站锅炉受热面管子的可靠性设计与寿命评定

以传统的设计方法为基础，提出了大容量电站锅炉受热面管子的振动和强度可靠性设计方法以及寿命的评定方法。在振动可靠性设计方面，把卡门漩涡频率和声学驻波频率处理为随机变量，使用概率设计法确定锅炉尾部受热面振动设计的可靠度。在强度可靠性设计方面，把锅炉受热面管子的外径、壁厚、管内压力、材料强度等设计量根据实际处理为随机变量，使用可靠性分析技术确定锅炉受热面管子强度设计的可靠度。在寿命评定方面，对锅炉受热面管子的寿命数据进行统计分析，确定锅炉受热面管子的平均寿命。通过对锅炉受热面管子壁厚的监测和跟踪，确定锅炉受热面管子的剩余寿命。给出了水冷壁、过热器、再热器和省煤器管子强度可靠性设计的实例、管式空气预热器管束振动的可靠性设计实例和锅炉过热器管子寿命评定的实例。表1参9     

发动机通风冷却系统的影响因素分析

整理了风斗进入短舱的冷气流量的变化规律,对发动机通风冷却系统各影响因素进行分析,分析了发动机状态、飞行状态（高度、马赫数）对飞机短舱内温度变化的影响规律。结果表明,发动机状态是影响发动机通风冷却系统的主要因素,飞行状态对涡喷和涡扇发动机通风冷却系统的影响规律不同。     

基于弹流理论的风电主轴承润滑状态分析

基于Hertz接触理论,对联合载荷作用下滚子-滚道进行接触分析,同时基于弹流润滑理论,建立风电主轴承润滑状态理论分析模型;以某型兆瓦级风电主轴承为例,采用该模型研究其极限工况下滚子-滚道接触载荷和接触应力分布、最大受载滚子沿素线方向的接触应力和接触载荷分布以及滚子-滚道接触处平均速度,并分析其在极限载荷工况下的润滑状态。结果表明:由于滚子端部应力集中,油膜沿素线呈现两端薄、中部厚特征;滚子-滚道沿素线油膜厚度与接触表面粗糙度处于同一数量级,接触表面质量对润滑状态有重要影响;改善轴承的润滑状态可从轴承结构、润滑参数及加工质量等方面入手。     

中国造纸工业2010年度报告

一、全国纸及纸板生产及消费情况（一）据中国造纸协会调查资料,2010年全国纸及纸板生产企业有3700多家,全国纸及纸板生产量9270万吨,较上年8640万吨增长7．29％;消费量9173万吨,较上年8569万吨增长7．05％;人均年消费量为68千克（13．40亿人）,比上年增长4千克。     

车辆传动系统零件随机疲劳设计

对某型装甲输送车典型工况进行实车测量 ,通过对实测数据的处理得出各典型工况幅值分布规律 .讨论了随机载荷的幅值与均值的概率密度函数的建立 ,传动系统零件材料弯扭复合加载的P Sa Sm N曲面的获得和多工况二维疲劳寿命的计算过程     

大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应规律研究

采用小型固定流化床实验装置,以大庆常压渣油为原料,针对Ca-Al裂解催化剂,详细分析了催化裂解气体产品和液体产品的组成,考察了反应温度、剂油比、水油比和停留时间对裂解产物分布的影响。发现各操作条件对大庆常渣催化裂解产物分布具有不同程度的影响,其中反应温度的影响最大;随反应温度的升高,乙烯产率单调增加,而丙烯、丁烯和总低碳烯烃产率均存在一个最大值。在优化的操作条件下,乙烯质量产率可达25%,总低碳烯烃质量产率超过50%。     

Relationships among milk yield,body condition,cow weight,and reproduction in spring-calved Holstein-Friesians

Relationships among milk production, body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), and reproduction were studied using logistic regression on data from 6433 spring-calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in 74 commercial herds. Multivariate models were adjusted for herd, breeding value for milk yield, proportion of Holstein-Friesian genes, lactation number, calving period, and degree of calving assistance. Significant associations between reproductive measures and components of energy balance were identified. Higher 200-d milk protein content and higher protein-to-fat ratio at start of breeding were associated with increased likelihood of submission for breeding in the first 21 d of the breeding season (SR21). High 100-d cumulative milk yield as a proportion of estimated 305-d milk yield (low persistency) was associated with a lower likelihood of pregnancy to first service (PREG1), whereas cows reaching peak milk yields earlier tended to have higher PREG1. Cows that reached nadir milk protein content relatively late in lactation had lower PREG1. Milk yield at first service and 305-d milk protein content were positively associated with the likelihood of pregnancy after 42 d of breeding (PR42). Higher 305-d milk lactose content was associated with increased PREG1 and PR42. Mean BCS at 60 to 100 d of lactation was positively associated with both SR21 and PR42, whereas nadir BCS was positively associated with PREG1. Cows with precalving BCS > 3.0 that also lost > 0.5 BCS unit by first service had lower PR42. More BW gain for 90 d after start of breeding was associated with higher SR21 and PREG1; more BW gain for 90 d after first service was associated with higher PR42. Milk protein and lactose content, BCS, and BW changes are important tools to identify cows at risk of poor reproduction.     

Soil-to-Plant Transfer Factors of Stable Elements and Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (1) Upland Field Crops Collected in Japan

In long-term dose assessment models for radioactive waste disposal, an important exposure pathway to humans is via ingestion of contaminated foods. In order to obtain soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of radionuclides under equilibrium conditions, naturally existing elements were measured as analogues of radionuclides. Crops grown in upland fields and associated soil samples were collected from 62 sampling sites throughout Japan. The total concentrations of 52 elements in the crops and 54 elements in the soil samples were measured. The TFs of 40 elements (Li, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Sn, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Pb, Th and U) were calculated on a dry weight basis.

Among all the TF data, K showed the highest TF with a geometric mean (GM) of 2.1, followed by P. The GMs of TFs for rare earth elements, Th and U were on the order of 10^?4. Most of the TF-GMs for green vegetables were higher than GMs of all crops for the elements. The obtained TFs of some elements for green vegetables and potatoes were compared with those in the technical report series-364 (TRS-364) compiled by IAEA in 1994. The TF-GMs were usually lower than the best estimates (expected values) listed in TRS-364; however, the GMs of TF for La and TF for Th observed for potatoes were slightly higher than the expected values.     

Numerical Solutions of Diffusion Equations in Multi-Dimensional Slab Geometry by Fourier Expansions

Solutions of multi-dimensional neutron diffusion equations in Cartesian coordinates are obtained in the form of regionwise multi-dimensional Fourier series. Equations for two- and three-dimensional problems are derived. A critical and a source problem in two dimensions, and a one-regional source problem in three dimensions are numerically studied.

Two kinds of Fourier series are numerically examined from the viewpoint of rapidity of convergence of the series.

To obtain the value of the flux more accurately, a method is presented which contributes to improvement of the flux profile.     

西藏特提斯构造域及其找油前景

世界特提斯构造域是一个巨大的油气富集带,分布着世界上一些着名的特大含油气盆地,如波斯湾盆地、北高加索油区、苏尔特盆地等.西藏特提斯构造域油气勘探程度较低,根据地面石油地质资料,该区的石油地质条件较差,推测地下石油地质条件应好于地表.西藏特提斯构造域与世界其它地区特提斯构造域具有相似的大地构造背景、沉积环境和烃源岩发育特征.西藏特提斯构造域油气储层物性较差、燕山晚期及喜山期的构造变动比较强烈,使该区的油气藏保存条件较差.因而,在西藏特提斯构造域油气勘探中应以寻找中小型油气田为主.