透视/遮阳/控温/红外隐身多功能集成序构薄膜研究

为了解决光学材料多功能耦合与集成的光谱诉求及其材料设计冲突难题,本文提出一种基于［TiAlN/Ag］²/TiAlN序构复合薄膜开展可见光透射诱导与红外辐射抑制的协同设计方法,诠释序构薄膜材料多功能耦合的新原理与新机制,并对其光学兼容性能测试表征。研究表明,构筑的［TiAlN（厚度30 nm）/Ag（厚度15 nm）］²/TiAlN（厚度30 nm）序构复合薄膜具备带通状选择性透射与中远红外低辐射的光学特性,可较好实现透视、遮阳、低辐射控温与红外隐身多功能兼容效果,在军用车辆、绿色建筑等特种玻璃的辐射控温与红外隐身领域有应用潜力。     

基于倾角测试的桥梁变形实时监测研究

对基于结构的倾角测试能实时、精确得到结构变形,以悬臂梁及简支梁为例,推导倾角与挠度间关系,利用MATLAB编程工具对倾角进行积分、拟合得到结构变形,并通过钢梁加载试验与实测挠度进行对比,通过健康监测工程实例介绍倾角仪在变形监测中的应用。分析表明,建立的倾角和变形间关系合理可行,不同结构进行变形监测需考虑边界条件;基于MATLAB对倾角拟合挠度曲线过程简单,与实测挠度吻合较好;在桥梁健康监测系统中用倾角仪对结构进行变形监测,可得结构实时变形曲线与任一时刻变形规律。     

Hierarchical Spatially Varying Coefficient Process Model

The spatially varying coefficient process model is a nonstationary approach to explaining spatial heterogen-eity by allowing coefficients to vary across space. In this article, we develop a methodology for generalizing this model to accommodate geographically hierarchical data. This article considers two-level hierarchical structures and allow for the coefficients of both low-level and high-level units to vary over space. We assume that the spatially varying low-level coefficients follow the multivariate Gaussian process, and the spatially varying high-level coefficients follow the multivariate simultaneous autoregressive model that we develop by extending the standard simultaneous autoregressive model to incorporate multivariate data. We apply the proposed model to transaction data of houses sold in 2014 in a part of the city of Los Angeles. The results show that the proposed model predicts housing prices and fits the data effectively.     

制造型企业采购-供应协调管理策略研究

对制造企业如何与供应商建立协调管理的机制进行了探讨,分析了单点接触的交易式采购—供应关系与多点接触的合作型采购供应关系的不同特点,剖析了目前我国制造企业采购管理存在的主要问题,指出我国企业采购—供应协调管理的薄弱环节是内部管理、关系管理、信息共享和运作设计四个方面,根据这四个方面的改善要求,构建了一个多点接触的合作型采购—供应协作策略四阶段模型,最后以一个公司的采购—供应管理作为例子,探讨了优化采购—供应协作管理的策略。     

Hybrid Petri-nets for modelling and performance evaluation of supply chains

Modelling and analysis of complex and co-ordinated supply chains is a crucial task due to its inherent complexity and uncertainty. Therefore, the current research direction is to devise an efficient modelling technique that maps the dynamics of a real life supply chain and assists industrial practitioners in evaluating and comparing their network with other competing networks. Here an effective modelling technique, the hybrid Petri-net, is proposed to efficiently handle the dynamic behaviour of the supply chain. This modelling methodology embeds two enticing features, i.e. cost and batch sizes, in deterministic and stochastic Petri-net for the modelling and performance evaluation of supply chain networks. The model is subsequently used for risk management to investigate the issues of supply chain vulnerability and risk that has become a major research subject in recent years. In the test bed, a simple productive supply chain and an industrial supply chain are modelled with fundamental inventory replenishment policy. Subsequently, its performance is evaluated along with the identification and assessment of risk factors using analytical and simulation techniques respectively. Thus, this paper presents a complete package for industrial practitioners to model, evaluate performance and manage risky events in a supply chain.     

项目制造型企业上游价值链增值特征

阐述了项目制造型企业上游价值链的内涵,提出了项目制造型企业上游价值链结构模型,讨论了结构模型中不同价值单元的价值形态,在此基础上对各价值单元的增值特征进行了分析。     

Analyzing the problem of unsustainable health information systems in less-developed economies: Case studies from Tanzania and Mozambique

Most of donor-supported information technology (IT)–based projects developed or implemented in less-developed economies (LDEs) end up as complete or partial failures or unsustainable. Notably, a number of intra-organizational and external factors are associated with this problem, including inadequate infrastructure and human resource capacity, fragmented donor policy, and lack of policies to manage the sustainability problem. Accordingly, IT initiatives are often donor-driven, top-down, and hijacked by top managers who (normally) do not have adequate skills, but have enormous power to enforce such initiatives across organizational hierarchies.

In analyzing the concepts from sustainability and institutionalization, key insights towards a better understanding of the problem of unsustainability are developed. It is argued that health information systems (HISs) become sustainable if they are institutionalized in the sense of being integrated into the everyday routine of the user organization. However, a sustainable HIS should also be flexible enough to allow changes as the user needs change. Moreover, introduction of a new HIS is not only a technical change, but requires the cultivation and institutionalization of a new kind of culture.

Through a comparative case analysis of the HIS development and implementation processes in Tanzania and Mozambique, we have identified two sets of relationships, between the Ministry of Health (MoH) and donor agencies and between the MoH and software development agencies as critical and contributing factors to the unsustainability of a HIS. Given this setting, we highlight three key strategies for dealing with the problem of unsustainability in LDEs: (a) integration of a HIS, (b) local shaping of new cultures, and (c) cultivation approach to systems development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

异构软件体系结构的可靠性模型

现有基于软件体系结构的可靠性模型只适用于符合马尔可夫过程的软件构件转移关系,而当构件间存在由确定性和随机性转移关系组成的异构结构时,仍按照马尔可夫过程对软件体系结构建模,会导致可靠性评估结果不准确。为了解决现有模型不适用于异构结构的问题,在分析构件转移关系基础上,提出了一个新的软件可靠性模型。基于软件UML顺序图,提出将异构软件结构转换为马尔可夫链的算法。通过对一个实例的可靠性评估,验证了新模型能够比现有模型获得更准确的评估结果。     

应用于供应链的区块链PBFT共识算法优化

目前,区块链在供应链领域中的应用越来越受到业界的广泛关注.但由于供应链中存在大量复杂性的事务,这给可信的主节点选取工作带来了挑战.因此,在机器学习分类算法与PBFT (practical Byzantine fault tolerance)共识算法的基础上,提出一种应用于供应链的区块链PBFT共识算法优化方法.对构建供应链与区块链的集成框架进行分析,根据供应链中参与共识的节点属性特征,运用K-近邻(K-nearest neighbors)来优化PBFT共识算法的主节点选取规则.实验结果表明,对共识节点进行信任评估分类可以较好地解决因视图切换所引发的效率问题,从而提升区块链的吞吐量、时延、容错性等共识性能,具有一定的实用性,也给区块链在其他行业的应用提供了思路．     

工业自动化控制系统的设计

工业生产过程自动化系统经过长期不断的发展,特别是在充分利用计算机技术的基础上取得了很大的进步,在生产过程中已发挥其重要作用,成为生产过程安全、稳定、自动化运行不可缺少的工具。本文从工业生产自动化现状趋势、生产过程自动化系统和生产管理系统、软PLC和软DCS、生产过程控制和管理软件的融合等方面展开论述．从工业生产与自动化控制融合环节提出工业自动化控制系统设计的独特见解。