计算机病毒的感染原理及其危害与防范

计算机病毒的感染、木马、以及黑客的入侵等,给计算机带来了不同程度的损害.本文阐述了计算机病毒的特性、感染原理,以及它对网络与信息安全的危害,提出了计算机病毒的相关防范措施.     

A kinetic model for gas adsorption at solid surfaces by surface transient formation

In this paper is presented a model for the kinetics of gas adsorption at solid surfaces, in which transient formation is involved. In the case of ideal adsorption where the rate constants are independent of the surface coverages, the kinetics can be solved exactly in the framework of the first order kinetic law. The expression of the sticking coefficient for the final chemisorbed state is obtained in terms of the rate constants introduced in the model and compared to the expression commonly adopted in the literature. By means of a fitting procedure the kinetics were used to describe experimental data on the dioxygen adsorption at the Zn(0001) surface. An appropriate analysis of the fitting parameters, derived from adsorption data collected at different temperature of the substrate, allows for the activation energy of the processsurface transient final adsorbed species to be estimated.     

Collaborative writing in multiple discourse contexts

Research in computer-supported writing has traditionally compared electronic communication with oral, face-to-face communication to identify the benefits and weaknesses of each, as if they entailed dichotomous choices. In this article, we challenge that view and argue instead that any form of communication and its educational usefulness is shaped by the situation in which it is used, the backgrounds and goals of the participants, the institutional and technological setup, and the intended purpose of the medium. Three modes of communication in one graduate course are examined — oral discussion, synchronous written discussion on a local area network, and asynchronous written postings on an email list set up for the class. It was found that patterns of participation, topic introduction, and topic development differed across the three communication modes, but that the three were interwoven with each other and embedded within the larger classroom context and forms of knowledge creation in the class. Thus, rather than examining different communication media separately, researchers interested in understanding computer-supported collaborative writing need to look at how different media are used to create a meta-medium, which is established by the discourse community involved.     

Analyses of (AD)-sorption for the estimation of pore-network dimensions and structure

The interpretation of pore dimensions based on physical ad-desorption analyses is central to the characterization of pore network structure. Several approaches have been proposed and are commonly employed in the analysis of physical adsorption and/or desorption to deduce the dimensions of the porous network. These approaches assume either theoretical (e.g., BET, the Halsey equation as interpreted by Pierce et al., or the more recent analyses of microporosity) or standard isotherms as model(s) for the sequential calculations required in estimating the pore network dimensions. Subsequent representation of the pore dimensions and the relationship between these distributions in dimension and other experimental parameters (such as catalytic activity, adsorptivity or transport); thus, depend explicitly on the model employed in the analyses. Each instrument currently available for the measurement of porous solid structure by sorption employs the same specific models for the relationship between the volume ad-desorbed and the dimensions of the porous network that is being characterized.This paper analyzes the interpretation of porous dimensions based on the sequential calculations required in the analyses. A new approach is proposed which is based on a modification to current practices reflecting Halsey's original theory for the thickness of the adsorbed layer (as a function of P/P ₀). Further, the calculations of the incremental changes in the exposed surface area are discussed as they relate to pore network structure. A method is proposed to infer the differences in pore shape. Sorption data are analyzed by these new approaches, and these analyses will be compared with those approaches currently employed. Analyses based on these modified approaches provide a dramatically more consistent interpretation of the sorption data and the corresponding pore network structures.     

堤防工程设计防洪标准探讨

就＜＜堤防工程技术规范＞＞和＜＜堤防工程设计规范＞＞编制过程中的体会,笔者认为,许多部门的防护对象都有各自的防洪标准,但在堤防工程设计时,防洪标准需要统一、防护区的划分是确定堤防工程防洪标准的基础工作,需要有一套完整的计算方法;防洪标准中的防护对象不可能包罗万象,标准的拟定和运用,都有防护对象分类和类比的问题,影响堤防工程等级的因素很多,单纯用防护对象的防洪要求作为指标是片面的,国内外表达防护对象     

面向Si/SiC混合器件逆变器全寿命周期安全工作区的多开关模式主动切换策略

基于硅基绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Si IGBT)和碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应管(SiC MOSFET)的Si IGBT/SiC MOSFET混合器件采用多开关模式切换策略可使变换器具备应对复杂工况的能力,然而现有切换策略并未考虑器件疲劳老化对模式切换阈值电流的影响,在混合器件老化进程后期极有可能造成器件热失效,进而严重威胁变换器的可靠运行。基于此,提出了一种面向Si/SiC混合器件逆变器全寿命周期安全工作区的多开关模式主动切换策略。基于器件疲劳老化对逆变器最大安全运行电流的影响规律,设计了考虑老化进程的逆变器安全工作区刻画流程。根据安全工作区刻画结果,提出了适用于混合器件全寿命周期的多开关模式主动切换策略。实验结果表明,该策略能够针对混合器件不同老化程度来动态调整开关模式切换阈值电流,从而在器件全寿命周期内保障逆变器的运行可靠性。     

基于同步相量数据幅频特征的次超同步振荡模式辨识

随着可再生能源和高压直流输电的快速发展,次超同步振荡事故频发,对现有电力系统振荡的在线监测提出了更高要求。为此,提出了一种基于同步相量数据幅频特征的次超同步振荡模式辨识方法。首先分析了次同步振荡和超同步振荡对同步相量测量装置(phasor measurement unit, PMU)数据的影响机制,结果表明,PMU数据的正负频谱与次超同步振荡的模态线性相关。其次利用多点PMU数据相干谱判别振荡与噪声,有效减少了噪声引起的误判断。然后对次超同步振荡下的PMU数据开展频谱分析,建立了4个幅频特征量,并将振荡数据的特征集合作为输入训练并优化极限梯度提升树(extreme gradient boosting, XGBoost)模型,建立幅频特征与振荡模式的映射关系。所提方法利用振荡环境下PMU数据的固有幅频特征以及XGBoost算法强大的泛化性与计算效率,实现了噪声环境下次超同步振荡模式的快速、准确辨识。最后,利用仿真数据和实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

Study on Recognition Method of Similar Weather Scenes in Terminal Area

Weather is a key factor affecting the control of air traffic. Accurate recognition and classification of similar weather scenes in the terminal area is helpful for rapid decision-making in air traffic flow management. Current researches mostly use traditional machine learning methods to extract features of weather scenes, and clustering algorithms to divide similar scenes. Inspired by the excellent performance of deep learning in image recognition, this paper proposes a terminal area similar weather scene classification method based on improved deep convolution embedded clustering (IDCEC), which uses the combination of the encoding layer and the decoding layer to reduce the dimensionality of the weather image, retaining useful information to the greatest extent, and then uses the combination of the pre-trained encoding layer and the clustering layer to train the clustering model of the similar scenes in the terminal area. Finally, terminal area of Guangzhou Airport is selected as the research object, the method proposed in this article is used to classify historical weather data in similar scenes, and the performance is compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results show that the proposed IDCEC method can identify similar scenes more accurately based on the spatial distribution characteristics and severity of weather; at the same time, compared with the actual flight volume in the Guangzhou terminal area, IDCEC's recognition results of similar weather scenes are consistent with the recognition of experts in the field.     

基于计算机视觉的高速路面状态检测方法

路面状态检测技术是辅助高速公路监管部门及时发现结冰、积雪等不良路况的重要手段。针对传统基于硬件设备的路面状态检测技术存在成本较高、检测范围受局限等问题,提出了一种基于计算机视觉的高速路面状态检测方法。该方法首先将融合了空间注意力机制和通道注意力机制的Attention模块与具有高分割精度的U-Net网络相结合,对路面区域图像进行分割提取;之后实现了一种基于循环生成对抗网络的路面阴影消除算法,对已经提取的路面图像进行阴影消除;最后基于残差结构构建了路面状态分类器,实现高准确率的路面状态检测。实验结果表明,采用该方法可以消除路面状态检测过程中高速公路两侧景物和路面阴影对状态检测带来的干扰,实现了对路面干燥、积雪、积水和结冰4类状态的准确识别。基于高速公路监控视频进行测试时,识别率可达97.9%。     

地铁站场景下的可行驶区域检测

在室内环境下的机器人视觉导航任务中,可行驶区域检测是不可或缺的一部分,这是保证自动驾驶任务实现的基础.目前较多的解决方法是对数据集中出现过的障碍物进行识别来检测可行驶区域,缺乏灵活性,因此本文提出了一种针对地铁站等室内平坦地面的可行驶区域检测方法,提高实用性.本文采用经典的MobileNetV3网络对采集到的前方图像进行分类,判断是否为地面区域.由于室内地面的地标、箭头等贴纸的影响,因此需要对非地面区域进一步判断,与常规的立体障碍物进行区分.本文利用连续帧之间的特征点匹配获得相机移动距离,并利用直线拟合计算斜率的方法达到区分立体障碍物与平面地标的目的.实验表明,本文提出的方法能较好地检测机器人前方可行驶区域,具有较高的实用价值.