以人为本,因材施教,不断提高化工设备机械基础课程教学质量——新疆大学化工设备机械基础课程学生问卷调查分析

化工设备机械基础是新疆大学精品课程。本文针对化学工程、化工工艺、环境工程、高分子材料等专业本科生,从十一个方面对目前课程质量进行了调查和分析,分析了目前课程中存在的主要问题,提出了进一步搞好课程建设的建议。     

湖北省部分居民1982-2002年食物消费变化趋势

目的描述湖北省城乡居民食物消费现状及变化趋势。方法在全省选取960户2942,＆进行膳食调查。膳食调查采用连续3d称重法和24h回顾询问法调查居民所有摄入食物。结果居民平均每标准人日粮谷类食物摄入量为354．2g,蔬菜为361．9g。水果为14．4g,畜禽肉类为67．6g,水产品类为53．2g,蛋类28．3g,奶类及其制品为n．3g,豆类及其制品为20．2g,食用油摄入量为51．8g,食盐为10．6g,酱油为9．4g。结论湖北省城乡居民膳食质量有所提高,其中动物性、奶类食物、水果、豆类及油脂类的摄入量均有所增加。但膳食中水果、奶类、豆类摄入量仍然很低。城乡居民膳食中谷类食物、蔬菜的消费量出现了下降趋势,但动物性食物和油脂摄入量明显上升,出现了失衡的现象。膳食结构趋向“高能量密度”,部分人群的膳食已经偏离了平衡膳食的要求。当前营养改善工作应从营养状况的双重负担的特点出发,同时解决营养不良和营养失衡的问题。     

Are our values becoming more fit for artificial intelligence society? A longitudinal study of occupational values and occupational susceptibility to technological substitution

Advanced technologies are changing our working life in unpredictable ways. Consequently, a fear of technologically induced mass unemployment has re-emerged. The increased precarity associated with the technological substitution of work could lead to a regression towards materialist values that are more accepting of authoritarianism and xenophobia. Crucially, these values are less associated with the skills demanded in future work, which tends to be depicted as demanding higher levels of innovation, creative and social skills that are associated with post-materialist values. Current research has thus far overlooked the cultural aspects of large-scale technological substitution of work, which this study illuminates. We investigate how the relationship between occupational values and occupational automatability has developed between 2002 and 2018 in Europe. The results demonstrate that occupational values have been rather stable throughout the period. Occupational values are not becoming more or less fit for artificial intelligence society as would be expected if the context becomes increasingly precarious or innovation-driven. The paper demonstrates that a cultural adaptation to this type of society has not yet occurred.     

Hand grip strength for the working-age population in South Korea: Development of an estimation and evaluation model

Although grip strength is frequently measured in clinical settings, methods for evaluating individual grip strength considering physical characteristics are limited. We attempted to develop an easily applicable statistical model to estimate and evaluate the grip strength of Korean workers according to their age, sex, and anthropometric data.Data were collected from the KNHANES (2014–2019). The data were divided into the test and training sets. Potential regression models for estimating grip strength have been suggested based on sex and hand dominance. The performance of each model was compared, and the best model was selected. The estimated grip strength was calculated for each participant. The distribution of the measured to estimated value ratios was presented. The ratios between the dominant and non-dominant hand grip strengths were also calculated.Overall, 21,807 (9652 men and 12,155 women) individuals were included in the dataset. The selected predictors were age, age^2, height, body mass index (BMI), and body mass-to-waist ratio for men and age, age^2, height, BMI, and waist circumference for women. The measured estimated values were 100.0 ± 16.2%, 100.0 ± 16.3% for dominant and non-dominant hands in men and 100.0 ± 18.9% for dominant and non-dominant hands in women. The 95% confidence interval of the dominant to non-dominant hand grip ratio was 84.4–126.7% for men and 82.4–131.3% for women.Grip strength in workers can be screened in comparison to that in the Korean population using the suggested models. This model is an effective method for identifying abnormalities in the upper extremities of Korean workers.