Synthesis, characteristics and oxygen-sensitive properties of SrMgxTi 1 − xO3 nanocrystals

SrMg_xTi_{1 - x}O₃ nanocrystals (x = 0.1–0.6) were synthesized by the stearic acid gel method. Powder samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopy. The results showed that the lattice parameter a and the O 1s XP spectrum changed not only with the Mg content x but also with the grain size d of the samples. The conductivity of a thick film specimen fabricated on an aluminium oxide wafer was investigated in a nitrogen—oxygen atmosphere.     

抗盐降滤失剂SDX的研究与应用

介绍了抗盐降滤失剂SDX的合成方法与现场应用简况,评价了SDX的抗温、抗盐、防塌及配伍性能。试验结果表明,SDX能耐150℃以上的高温,可抗盐至饱和,具有良好的降滤失和抑制性能,与其它处理剂的配伍性好,适用于各种水基泥浆。     

Autothermal two-stage gasification of low-density waste-derived fuels

In order to increase the efficiency of waste utilization in thermal conversion processes, pre-treatment is advantageous. With the Herhof Stabilat^® process, residual domestic waste is upgraded to waste-derived fuel by means of biological drying and mechanical separation of inerts and metals. The dried and homogenized waste-derived Stabilat^® fuel has a relatively high calorific value and contains high volatile matter which makes it suitable for gasification. As a result of extensive mechanical treatment, the Stabilat^® produced is of a fluffy appearance with a low density. A two-stage gasifier, based on a parallel-arranged bubbling fluidized bed and a fixed bed reactor, has been developed to convert Stabilat^® into hydrogen-rich product gas. This paper focuses on the design and construction of the configured laboratory-scale gasifier and experience with its operation. The processing of low-density fluffy waste-derived fuel using small-scale equipment demands special technical solutions for the core components as well as for the peripheral equipment. These are discussed here. The operating results of Stabilat^® gasification are also presented.     

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天然气制合成油得到的柴油燃料基本不含硫和芳烃 ,费—托法合成技术的进步已使天然气制合成油(GTL)的生产成本可与 18～ 2 2美元 /桶的原油价格相竞争 ,因而GTL已成为天然气 ,尤其是偏远地区天然气高效利用的一个有前景的途径。GTL技术由合成气生产、费—托合成和产品精制三部分组成。GTL的工艺方案有埃克森公司AGC - 2 1工艺、壳牌公司SMDS工艺、萨索尔公司Synthol工艺、合成油公司工艺等。GTL技术在合成气生产和费托合成方面还出现了一些新的进展。 2 1世纪将迎来GTL装置新的发展期 ,在未来 15年内 ,预计GTL装置生产能力将增加 (45 0 0～ 6 75 0 )× 10 4 t/a。 2 0 0 5年前将有 7套GTL装置投运 ,总能力 880× 10 4 t/a。     

反应挤出合成聚乳酸与脱挥技术研究

主要介绍了反应挤出合成聚乳酸的技术特点和脱挥技术应用；分析了反应挤出合成过程中脱挥处理的关键点和影响因素。相比传统的聚乳酸合成技术，因其具有突出的优势，预计是今后聚乳酸合成发展的研究热点。     

Polymerization Kinetics of Fischer‐Tropsch Reaction on Iron Based Catalysts and Product Grade Optimization

The polymerization kinetics of Fischer‐Tropsch reactions on a K‐promoted Fe catalyst was studied. To represent the product distribution, a kinetic model was developed based on alkyl and alkenyl mechanisms for hydrocarbon chain propagation, which were assumed to occur simultaneously in the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis. The conclusion was drawn that superimposed Anderson‐Schulz‐Flory (ASF) distributions with different chain growth probabilities, on iron catalysts, can be the result of different chain growth mechanisms. The polymerization mechanism was used to obtain the product distribution for several conditions, and the optimum conditions for the production of transportation fuels were found.     

Synthesis of nonsharp distillation sequences via genetic programming

This paper addresses the application of Genetic Programming (GP) to the synthesis of multicomponent product nonsharp distillation sequences. Combined with the domain knowledge of chemical engineering, some evolutionary factors are improved, and a set of special encoding method and solving strategy is proposed to deal with this kind of problem. The system structural variable is optimized by GP and the continuous variable is optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm simultaneously. Because GP has an automatic searching function, the optimal solution can be found including distillation, splitting, blending and bypassing operations automatically without any superstructures of nonsharp distillation sequences. Three illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effective computational strategies.     

Improving Neural Networks for Mechanism Kinematic Chain Isomorphism Identification

Detection of isomorphism among kinematic chains is essential in mechanical design, but difficult and computationally expensive. It has been shown that both traditional methods and previously presented neural networks still have a lot to be desired in aspects such as simplifying procedure of identification and adapting automatic computation. Therefore, a new algorithm based on a competitive Hopfield network is developed for automatic computation in the kinematic chain isomorphism problem. The neural approach provides directly interpretable solutions and does not demand tuning of parameters. We have tested the algorithm by solving problems reported in the recent mechanical literature. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the network that rapidly identifies isomorphic kinematic chains.     

材料合成新技术──自蔓延高温合成

自蔓延高温合成（ＳＨＳ）是目前被广泛开发用于工业陶瓷和其它先进材料制备的一种独特的先进工艺技术。本文对生产高科技材料的自蔓延高温合成技术方法进行了介绍，并分析了该工艺的特点及其理论基础，同时还讨论了影响材料合成的因素。