聚碳酸酯合成技术进展

综述了聚碳酸酯的国内外合成技术进展情况。介绍了目前工业生产中采用的界面光气法、溶液光气法、普通熔融酯交换法及非光气熔融法生产工艺 ,讨论了苯酚氧化羰基化法与双酚A氧化羰基化法合成聚碳酸酯的最新研究动态。对我国聚碳酸酯工业的发展提出了建议     

二茂铁的合成及应用

二茂铁的合成方法分为化学合成法和电解合成法两大类。重点介绍了化学合成法 ,并将两类方法进行了比较 ,认为电解合成法是发展方向。对二茂铁的应用情况作了简介。     

低温低压二步法合成甲醇

二步法合成甲醇,其第一步是甲醇羰基化合成甲酸甲酯;第二步是甲酸甲酯氢解合成甲醇。二步法反应的优点是使反应温度和压力降低、选择性提高、产物甲醇不含水,使提纯容易。从而低能耗、高产率地合成甲醇。     

氨磺酸催化合成丁酸异戊酯的研究

以氨磺酸为催化剂催化合成了丁酸异戊酯,确定了酯化优化条件。实验结果表明,醇酸摩尔比值为1．8;催化剂用量1．0g;带水剂甲苯15ml（丁酸用量为0．2mol的情况下）;反应温度为110－135℃;反应时间2．0h;是最佳反应条件,酯化率98．5％。     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

以壳聚糖硫酸盐为催化剂,由苯甲酸和甲醇合成苯甲酸甲酯。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间及醇酸摩尔比等因素对反应的影响,实验结果表明,在催化剂用量为1.0g,反应时间4h,醇酸摩尔比为5：1的条件下,产品收率达90.56%,并且催化剂可重复使用多次。     

双环戊二烯酚型树脂的合成及其结构表征

在８０￣１４０℃下ＤＣＰＤ与苯酚（或烷基酚）经催化反应合成ＤＣＰＤ酚型树脂。研究了反应温度,反应时间,催化剂用量、ＤＣＰＤ与酚的配比等条件对合成ＤＣＰＤ酚树脂的影响。经红外光谱及核磁共振光谱表征了ＤＣＰＤ酚树脂的化学结构。     

Nucleation and growth history of zeolite LTA synthesized from kaolinite by two different methods

The synthesis of zeolite Linde Type A (LTA) from kaolinite by two different routes: (1) conventional hydrothermal alkaline activation and (2) alkaline fusion prior to hydrothermal reaction, as well as its nucleation and growth history, were investigated. Using the first method, co-crystallization of sodalite and cancrinite, probably via an unstable zeolite LTA intermediate, was observed during treatment of kaolinite in NaOH solutions. The addition of a SiO₂ source promoted the co-precipitation of several zeolite phases, including zeolites LTA, X and P, with traces of sodalite and cancrinite. By fusion with NaOH followed by hydrothermal reaction, kaolinite was converted into zeolite LTA. Synthesized materials appeared stable thermodynamically under the experimental conditions. The synthesis products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and properties of a zeolite LEV analogue from the system—Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2–N,N-dimethylpiperidine chloride–H2O

A new structure-directing agent (SDA) was firstly reported for the synthesis of a zeolite LEV analogue. N,N-dimethyl piperidine performed the SDA function, and induced the synthesis of products from a zeolite MOR with 12-ring channels to a zeolite LEV analogue with only 8-ring channels. The zeolite LEV analogue was synthesized from gels with initial compositions (5.0–6.0)Na₂O–Al₂O₃–(10–200)SiO₂–(4.0–8.0)N,N-dimethyl piperidine–400H₂O at 150 °C. The ²⁹Si NMR spectra showed that the relative intensities of the first line at −115 ppm for low Si/Al ratios were lower than that at high Si/Al ratios. Varying ion exchanges led to different acidities in the zeolite LEV analogue, with the acidity of H-LEV-HCl higher than that of H-LEV-NH₃·H₂O. Zeolite H-LEV in hydration of propene showed a higher selectivity of 1-propanol.     

微波催化合成N-乙酰吗啉

以醋酸为乙酰化试剂,在微波辅助作用下合成N-乙酰吗啉。考察了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间、带水剂用量、微波功率等因素对N-乙酰吗啉合成的影响,吗啉和乙酸的物质的量比为1∶1.05,反应体系的温度为115℃,带水剂用量为12 mL,微波功率为900 W,加热10 m in,N-乙酰吗啉收率达86.6%。     

Synthesis and characterization of itaconic anhydride and stearyl methacrylate copolymers

The free-radical copolymerization and the properties of comb-like copolymers derived from renewable resources, itaconic anhydride (ITA) and stearyl methacrylate (SM), are described. The ITA-SM copolymers were nearly random with a slight alternating tendency. The copolymers exhibited a nanophase-separated morphology, with the stearate side-chains forming a bilayer, semi-crystalline structure. The melting point (T_m) of the side-chains and the crystallinity decreased with increasing ITA concentration. The crystalline side-chains suppressed molecular motion of the main chain, so that a glass transition temperature (T_g) was not resolved unless the ITA concentration was sufficiently high so that T_g > T_m. The softening point and modulus of the copolymers increased with the increasing ITA concentration, but the thermal stability decreased.