半城山水满城苹苑——泰安某居住区的景观设计

居住区是人们生活的家园,心灵的港湾,居住区的环境景观更是促进邻里交往,锻炼身体,愉悦身心的载体。本文以泰安市苹果园小区的景观设计为例,运用现代设计手法和古典传统园林精髓相融合的手法,形成简洁现代的节奏感、时尚舒适的生活氛围、生态与自然的和谐共生,以独特的气韵感,流畅感给住户以一种不同的生活感悟。     

工业建筑遗产的视觉研究初探

视觉属性既是工业建筑的特殊属性又是人们认知事物的特殊属性,视觉传达便作为工业建筑与人之间的一种主导地位的信息传达方式。该文利用视觉在人们生活中的重要地位及其作用效果与工业建筑的自身特征属性的一个结合点,深化探讨这一凌驾于其他一般属性的特殊视觉属性的内容：建筑物、构筑物和工业景观等工业建筑的视觉要素,并进一步阐释工业建筑巨大的尺度,明显的中心,沉闷的色系,材质的厚重感、强烈的秩序感,简明的几何性,暴露的机械性等视觉特征,通过这些角度挖掘出工业建筑遗产内在核心价值规律,并使之作为工业建筑遗产保护措施的理论依据。     

世界核电主要堆型技术沿革

介绍了世界核电主要反应堆堆型的工作原理、研发历史、现状及发展趋势,重点放在我国和世界核电的主力堆型——压水堆上。还介绍了正在研发的第四代核能系统。     

对真空热处理设备电流异常波动处理办法

针对电流出现异常波动时,真空热处理设备加热系统保护无相应报警功能的问题,采用实时电流比较的方法,当电流发生异常波动时实现预警功能,达到最大限度保护设备的效果。系统反应灵敏,设计制作简单,操作维护方便,运行稳定安全。     

68例非住院高龄卧床管饲患者营养状况调查

目的:评价非住院高龄卧床管饲患者营养状况。方法:以驻沈干休所68名长期卧床高龄休干为调查对象,记录被调查对象每天摄入的所有食物的种类和数量,计算每人每天摄入的热能、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物等供能营养素以及膳食纤维数量,采集人体测量指标及实验室指标综合评价高龄患者的营养状况。结果:老年患者管饲匀浆中食物种类比较齐全,但在数量上有个别品种不能达到建议值;能量摄入偏低(16.2kcal/kg),三大供能营养素中碳水化合物供能比36%,而蛋白质和脂肪供能比分别为26%、35%;膳食纤维摄入9.2g(8.4g/1 000kcal),是RNI的60%。血清白蛋白和前白蛋白降低者最多,有48.5%患者的BMI处于低限值以下。结论:高龄患者管饲饮食配方中有不尽合理之处,营养不良发生率较高,高龄患者的肠内营养支持不仅要保证能量摄入,尚需维持三大供能营养素的合理比例。     

从“高技术革命”到“高铁革命”的发展研究——2. 克服对“高铁革命异议”的高技术与“西三角”崛起

继上文"高铁革命"的历史经济之后,讨论其技术经济。强调第4巨城市"西三角"崛起,万事俱全,只待高铁。     

兰州市熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐的使用情况及达标检测现状调研

近年来,在食品中添加非食用物质或滥用食品添加剂而导致群体性食物中毒的恶性事件在我国频频发生。作为消费量占肉类产量60%左右的熟肉制品和肉肠类制品[1]其食用是否安全更是各级政府和广大市民关注的焦点。针对兰州市2001～2005年市售熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐合格率较低[2],2008年其检出率高居不下的状况,文章主要讨论了兰州市售熟肉制品的安全现状及可能出现肉制品安全问题的原因,并在此基础上提出了预防肉制品安全问题产生的相关对策。     

保鲜湿面的生产现状与品质管理

保鲜湿面经过十年发展,在生产技术上已经基本成熟,各企业的生产经验也日趋丰富。但是国内市场状况依然没有完全突破,也没有象专家预言的那样取代油炸方便面。而在国际市场上,保鲜湿面的市场份额逐年增长,北京诚一等保鲜湿面公司已经连续出口3年多,出口的国家有英国、澳大利亚等国家及我国的香港地区,出口量达到总销售量的90%左右。这需要我们从新的角度重新认识并调整保鲜湿面今后的研究和发展方向,以致力于国内市场的开拓。但保鲜湿面的生产在品质保证方面还存在一定的问题,文中对保鲜湿面的生产技术和研究现状做了介绍并对今后的质量保证体系加以探讨,以期加快其开拓市场的步伐。     

Effect of Echinacea purpurea L. on oxidative status and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers

BACKGROUND: Echinacea purpurea L. (EP) is a popular herbal antioxidant and immunomodulator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of EP on meat quality and oxidative status in broilers. Two hundred and fifty (1‐day‐old) male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to five groups including the control (corn‐soybean meal diet) and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% EP powder groups, with two replicates per treatment group. RESULTS: The results indicated that the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% EP significantly increased water‐holding capacity and decreased storage loss of breast and thigh fillets at 35 days old. For fillet colour, L* (lightness) values were lower, and a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values were higher with EP supplementation. Lower crude fat contents were observed in EP groups in comparison with control at 35 days of age in breast and thigh fillets, respectively. Production of malondialdehyde was slightly reduced in serum of EP supplemented birds compared to the control group. Results for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly higher for the 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% EP supplemental groups than control group in serum. Liver and spleen tissues results showed that the antioxidative enzymes activities were higher with EP powder at 35 days of age. CONCLUSION: Dried EP can be used as a feed additive to improve the meat quality and oxidative status in Arbor Acres broilers. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Supplementation of the diet of dairy cows with trehalose results in milk with low lipid peroxide and high antioxidant content

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the disaccharides trehalose and cellobiose on antioxidant activity in rumen fluid, blood, and milk of dairy cows. Nine Holstein dairy cows housed in a free-stall barn were divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving a different dietary treatment (a control diet, a 1% trehalose-supplemented diet, or a 1% cellobiose-supplemented diet) following a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Feed intake and milk production increased in cows receiving the trehalose-supplemented diet compared with those receiving the control and cellobiose-supplemented diets. The total protozoa numbers in the rumen fluid of cows fed trehalose- or cellobiose-supplemented diets were greater than those of the control group. The C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acid content was increased in the milk of cows fed the trehalose-supplemented diet compared with that of the control group, and the C18:3n-3 fatty acid content in the milk of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet was less than that of the control group. Plasma biochemical parameters were unchanged among the different treatments. In rumen fluid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase activity were increased 2 h after feeding in cows receiving the cellobiose-supplemented diet compared with the control group, and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the rumen fluid of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet was decreased. In contrast, the values of these parameters measured in the milk of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet were no different from those of control cows. Dietary supplementation with trehalose did, however, bring about an improvement of the oxidative status of milk and blood in these animals compared with controls. These results provide the first evidence supporting the use of dietary disaccharides to decrease lipid peroxide levels and increase the antioxidant content of dairy cow milk. The findings suggest that disaccharides, particularly trehalose, might be useful as supplements for reducing oxidative stress and improving the quality of milk for human consumption, as well as possibly impairing the processes that give rise to lipid oxidation odor in dairy cow milk.