A time aggregation approach to Markov decision processes

We propose a time aggregation approach for the solution of infinite horizon average cost Markov decision processes via policy iteration. In this approach, policy update is only carried out when the process visits a subset of the state space. As in state aggregation, this approach leads to a reduced state space, which may lead to a substantial reduction in computational and storage requirements, especially for problems with certain structural properties. However, in contrast to state aggregation, which generally results in an approximate model due to the loss of Markov property, time aggregation suffers no loss of accuracy, because the Markov property is preserved. Single sample path-based estimation algorithms are developed that allow the time aggregation approach to be implemented on-line for practical systems. Some numerical and simulation examples are presented to illustrate the ideas and potential computational savings.     

电转化法转化钝顶螺旋藻转化条件的研究

确定了电转化法转化钝项螺旋藻S6-4的转化条件。无论受体是藻丝还是单细胞／藻丝段，钝项螺旋藻S6-4在对数生长期内，半致死电场强度无显著差别。实验表明以对数中期的螺旋藻用于转化为宜。当脉冲时间是5．0ms时，藻丝受体和单细胞／藻丝段受体的半致死电场强度分别是3．75—5．0kV／cm和3．1—4．4kV／cm，而电击缓冲液分别是1．0mmol／L HEPES(pH7．5)缓冲液和含有0．5mol／L蔗糖的1．0mmol／L HEP—ES(pH7．5)缓冲液。本文的研究结果为螺旋藻转化及外源基因表达提供了实验基础。     

Calorimetric determination of the enthalpy change for the binding of methyl orange to poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in aqueous solution

Thermodynamic parameters have been determined for the interaction of methyl orange and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in aqueous solutions containing tris, tris and hydrochloric acid, or water only. Enthalpy changes were determined by use of a flow microcalorimeter. Free energy changes were calculated from the results of equilbrium dialysis studies. The results are interpreted in terms of the behaviour of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in these systems. Analysis of data shows that the hydrophobic interactions in the systems are in the order: tris > wateronly > tris-HC1.     

A study on time schemes for DRBEM analysis of elastic impact wave

 The precise integration and differential quadrature methods are two new unconditionally stable numerical schemes to approximate time derivative with more than the second order accuracy. Recent studies showed that compared with the Houbolt and Newmark methods, they produced more accurate solutions with large time step for the problems where response is primarily dominated by low and intermediate frequency modes. This paper aims to investigate these time schemes in the context of the dual reciprocity BEM (DRBEM) formulation of various shock-excited scalar elastic wave problems, where high modes have important affect on traction response. The Houbolt method was widely recommended in many literatures for such DRBEM dynamic formulations. However, this study found that the damped Newmark algorithm was the most efficient and accurate for impact traction analysis in conjunction with the DRBEM. The precise integration and differential quadrature methods are shown inapplicable for such shock-excited problems due to the absence of numerical damping. On the other hand, we also found that to achieve the same order of accuracy, the differential quadrature method required much less computing effort than the precise integration method due to the use of the Bartels–Stewart algorithm solving the resulting Lyapunov matrix analogization equation. Received 6 November 2000     

二阶系统变阻尼技术研究

本文基于测速反馈原理，针对二阶系统提出了两种改变系统阻尼的方法。通过适当改变测速反馈系数，可使闭环系统的阻尼比按期望的规律变化（阻尼比可以为负），从而可显著地加快系统的输出响应，使系统的动态性能大为改善。文中提供了仿真算例。     

低温硅双极晶体管基区优化设计

常规双极晶体管在７７Ｋ下电流增益和频率性能都严重退化。本文首先分析了低温双极晶体管基区Ｇｕｍｍｅｌ数，基区方块电阻，渡越时间和穿通电压等参数与温度及基区掺杂的关系，然后讨论了低温双极器件基区的优化设计问题。     

高纯锗探测器的快定时性能及其应用

为了将高纯锗（ＨＰＧｅ）探测器用于快定时的物理实验中，本实验研究厂影响高纯锗探测器定时谱仪时间性能的各种因素，找出了获得谱仪最小时间分辨的各种最佳参数。并建立了分辨时间为４．１９ｎｓ，能量分辨率为２０ｋｅＶ，微分非线性好于±２．０％，计效率可承受１２０×１０￣３ｓ￣（－１）的时间微分扰动角关联谱仪。利用此谱仪，以￣（２０４）Ｂｉ为探针核，研究了Ｂｉ系高温超导的微观机理，取得了较好的结果。     

混合结构楼房爆破拆除倒塌范围的确定

通过对混合结构楼房爆破倾倒过程特点的分析,提出了楼房在倾倒过程中的运动计算模型,并应用体积平衡原理,得到这类楼房爆破爆堆参数计算公式,用该公式计算的结果与实例中爆堆实测数据相比较,相对误差不超过11%.     

羰基铁类随机混合吸波材料等效电磁参数的计算

本文为计及多重散射偶极子间的相互作用，引入参量εｈ和μｈ，导得一组公式。它不仅能计算铁氧体类也能计算羰基铁类的随机混合吸波材料的等效电磁参数，均与实验结果吻合良好。     

均匀设计在遗传算法中的应用研究

通过分析均匀设计和遗传算法的内在关系，指出从某个角度上可以把均匀设计看作是遗传算法的一种特例，并针对遗传算法初始参数众多、难配置的问题，提出了利用均匀设计优化配置选择参数的方法，在一定程度上可以避免遗传算法参数配置的盲目性．仿真试验结果证明了该方法是合理、可行的。