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11.
车辆定位与导航系统是智能交通系统中当前需求较为迫切、应用比较广泛的一个重要的应用系统,是国际上公认的解决城市交通问题的有效途径之一。本文通过分析给出了智能车辆定位与导航系统的组成,并详细分析了核心技术。最后,给出了系统的硬件平台。 相似文献
12.
In the literature on transit planning, network timetabling and vehicle scheduling are usually treated as separate problems. In this paper, we focus on combining important features of these two steps and propose a simultaneous solution approach to redefine timetables with the objective of bringing improvements to both quality of service and vehicle costs incurred. This includes the objectives of quantity and quality of the transfers proposed, evenness of the line headways, fleet size and length of the deadheads. The model proposed for this simultaneous approach is adapted to the problem faced by regulating authorities, encouraging intermodality and taking into account a variety of practical features. We introduce an optimization procedure based on Iterated Local Search and present computational experiments carried out on data from a large existing transit network, showing substantial improvements in both quality of service and level of resources compared to the current practice. 相似文献
13.
文章针对远洋运输业业务邮件的特点,结合Ontology技术,信息抽取技术,通过建立领域Ontology,对领域本体进行解析,生成抽取规则,对业务邮件进行信息抽取。试图从繁多的业务邮件中,抽取我们需要的业务信息,以一种结构化的形式呈现在用户面前,提高远洋运输业办公效率。 相似文献
14.
J.P. Torreglosa F. Jurado P. García L.M. Fernández 《Control Engineering Practice》2011,19(10):1182-1194
This paper focuses on describing a control strategy for a real surface tramway powered by a hybrid system based on fuel cell and battery. This tramway, called Metro Centro, serves the centre of Seville, a city in Spain. Currently, it operates as catenary-powered tramway.The configuration and modeling of all principal components of the hybrid system are briefly described. The models, implemented in MATLAB-Simulink environment, have been designed from commercially available components. The implemented control is based on an equivalent consumption minimization strategy. It allows a suitable energy management of the hybrid system, minimizing the hydrogen consumption. 相似文献
15.
The problem of transporting patients or elderly people has been widely studied in literature and is usually modeled as a dial-a-ride problem (DARP). In this paper we analyze the corresponding problem arising in the daily operation of the Austrian Red Cross. This nongovernmental organization is the largest organization performing patient transportation in Austria. The aim is to design vehicle routes to serve partially dynamic transportation requests using a fixed vehicle fleet. Each request requires transportation from a patient's home location to a hospital (outbound request) or back home from the hospital (inbound request). Some of these requests are known in advance. Some requests are dynamic in the sense that they appear during the day without any prior information. Finally, some inbound requests are stochastic. More precisely, with a certain probability each outbound request causes a corresponding inbound request on the same day. Some stochastic information about these return transports is available from historical data. The purpose of this study is to investigate, whether using this information in designing the routes has a significant positive effect on the solution quality. The problem is modeled as a dynamic stochastic dial-a-ride problem with expected return transports. We propose four different modifications of metaheuristic solution approaches for this problem. In detail, we test dynamic versions of variable neighborhood search (VNS) and stochastic VNS (S-VNS) as well as modified versions of the multiple plan approach (MPA) and the multiple scenario approach (MSA). Tests are performed using 12 sets of test instances based on a real road network. Various demand scenarios are generated based on the available real data. Results show that using the stochastic information on return transports leads to average improvements of around 15%. Moreover, improvements of up to 41% can be achieved for some test instances. 相似文献
16.
Claudia Archetti Luca Bertazzi Giuseppe Paletta M. Grazia Speranza 《Computers & Operations Research》2011
We consider a production-distribution system, where a facility produces one commodity which is distributed to a set of retailers by a fleet of vehicles. Each retailer defines a maximum level of the inventory. The production policy, the retailers replenishment policies and the transportation policy have to be determined so as to minimize the total system cost. The overall cost is composed by fixed and variable production costs at the facility, inventory costs at both facility and retailers and routing costs. We study two different types of replenishment policies. The well-known order-up to level (OU) policy, where the quantity shipped to each retailer is such that the level of its inventory reaches the maximum level, and the maximum level (ML) policy, where the quantity shipped to each retailer is such that the inventory is not greater than the maximum level. We first show that when the transportation is outsourced, the problem with OU policy is NP-hard, whereas there exists a class of instances where the problem with ML policy can be solved in polynomial time. We also show the worst-case performance of the OU policy with respect to the more flexible ML policy. Then, we focus on the ML policy and the design of a hybrid heuristic. We also present an exact algorithm for the solution of the problem with one vehicle. Results of computational experiments carried out on small size instances show that the heuristic can produce high quality solutions in a very short amount of time. Results obtained on a large set of randomly generated problem instances are also shown, aimed at comparing the two policies. 相似文献
17.
Hsieh-Ching Chen Wei-Chyuan Chen Yung-Ping Liu Chih-Yong Chen Yi-Tsong Pan 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2009,39(5):708-718
Riders of twelve motorcycles, comprising 6 full-scale motorbikes and 6 motor-scooters, and 5 sedan vehicles, performed test runs on a 20.6 km paved road composed of 5 km, 5 km, and 10.6 km of rural, provincial and urban routes, respectively. Each test run of motorcycle was separately performed under speed limits of 55 km/h and 40 km/h. Tri-axial accelerations of whole-body vibration (WBV) were obtained by using a seat pad and a portable data logger, and the driver's view was videotaped with a portable media recorder. Root mean square (RMS) acceleration, 8-h estimated vibration dose value (VDV(8)) and 8-h estimated daily dose of static compression dose (Sed) were determined from the collected data in accordance with ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 standards. Experimental results indicate that the WBV values of the sedan vehicle drivers have low RMS, VDV(8) and Sed values (RMS 0.27–0.32 m/s2; VDV(8) 6.3–8.3 m/s1.75; Sed 0.21–0.26 MPa). However, over 90% of the motorcycle riders had VDV(8) (mean 23.5 m/s1.75) exceeding the upper boundary of health guidance caution zone (17 m/s1.75) recommended by ISO 2631-1, or had Sed (mean 1.17 MPa) exceeding the value associated with a high probability of adverse health effects (0.8 MPa) recommended by ISO 2631-5. Over 50% of the motorcycle riders reached these boundary values for VDV and Se in less than 2 h. The WBV exposure levels of the full-scale motorbikes riders and motor-scooter riders were not significantly different. However, the RMS and VDV(8) values of motorcycle riders indicate significant roadway effect (p < 0.001), while their Sed values indicate significant speed limit effect (p < 0.05). This study concludes that the WBV exposure levels of common motorcycle riders are distinctively higher than those of sedans, even on a regular paved road. The impact on health of WBV exposure in motorcycle riders should be carefully addressed with reference to ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5.
Relevance to industry
This study compares the predicted health risks of motorcycle riders according to ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 standards. Experimental data suggest that the vibration dose value of ISO 2631-1 and daily dose of equivalent static compression stress of ISO 2631-5 have roughly equivalent boundaries for probable health effects. 相似文献18.
随着我国城市化的进程、汽车行业的蓬勃发展和人民生活水平的日益提高,行驶在城市道路上的车辆越来越多,造成了一系列的问题,如何更加高效地监控城市交通,近年来已经成为了研究重点。研究表明,交通监控员通过远程调阅路面监控录像的模式,实施有效监控的推荐显示屏幕个数只有4个,因此,传统的交通监控模式将导致很高的交通事件漏报率和误报率。针对这些问题,提出了一个以人为中心的智能化城市交通监控方法,主要特点包括:1.采用眼球追踪技术,对交通监控员的眼球活动状态进行跟踪和分析,根据已建立的事件模型和判定模型进行快速屏幕切换操作;2.通过结合RFID技术,对道路上车辆的RFID标签进行追踪和统计分析,根据模型进行交通事件快速预警和关联分析。该方法的使用比较简单,能有效提升交通监控员的交通事件发现率。 相似文献
19.
王诗惠 《自动化与仪器仪表》2011,(6):172-174
列车无线调度通信系统,简称无线列调,是铁路无线通信的主要组成部分,是组织铁路运输、保障行车安全、提高生产效率的重要通信设施,其通信质量的好坏直接关系到铁路的行车安全。本论文主要介绍无线通信的特点和我国无线列调通信系统的现状、构成、作用、功能、制式及工作频率,同时提出本文研究的意义和文章组成。 相似文献
20.
Linear Programming Models for the User and System Optimal Dynamic Network Design Problem: Formulations,Comparisons and Extensions 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
In this paper we formulate a network design model in which the traffic flows satisfy dynamic user equilibrium conditions for
a single destination. The model presented here incorporates the Cell Transmission Model (CTM); a traffic flow model capable
of capturing shockwaves and link spillovers. Comparisons are made between the properties of the Dynamic User equilibrium Network
Design Problem (DUE NDP) and an existing Dynamic System Optimal (DSO) NDP formulation. Both network design models have different
objective functions with similar constraint sets which are linear and convex. Numerical demonstrations are made on multiple
networks to demonstrate the efficacy of the model and demonstrate important differences between the DUE and DSO NDP approaches.
In addition, the flexibility of the approach is demonstrated by extending the formulation to account for demand uncertainty.
This is formulated as a stochastic programming problem and initial test results are demonstrated on test networks. It is observed
that not accounting for demand uncertainty explicitly, provides sub-optimal solution to the DUE NDP problem. 相似文献