Temperature Dependence of Photoelectrical Properties of Single Selenium Nanowires

Influence of temperature on photoconductivity of single Se nanowires has been studied. Time response of photocurrent at both room temperature and low temperature suggests that the trap states play an important role in the photoelectrical process. Further investigations about light intensity dependence on photocurrent at different temperatures reveal that the trap states significantly affect the carrier generation and recombination. This work may be valuable for improving the device optoelectronic performances by understanding the photoelectrical properties.     

涟源坳陷中部构造带勘探潜力分析

裸露海相地层的勘探潜力一直是石油地质工作者所关心的问题。从涟源坳陷中部构造带基底性质、沉积盖层演化等方面入手,分析了各构造运动时期的应力性质,重点分析了中部构造带的构造样式及其形成机理,指出中部构造带的构造样式是盖层滑脱型,其关键构造要素是犁式叠瓦状逆冲断层和倾向腹地式的双冲断层系,构造变形主要发育于印支期,定型于燕山早-中期。结合烃源岩特征、资源潜力、储层盖层条件、埋藏情况等,查明了主要的生烃时期。通过分析油气运移与构造圈闭形成之间的配套关系,指出了勘探方向。     

Origin of the temperature stability of dielectric constant in CaCu3Ti4O12

The temperature and dc bias stability of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ samples sintered under different oxygen atmospheres are discussed. The results suggest that the metal-oxygen vacancy related defects not only provide the charge carriers for the conduction (defect doping) but also contribute to the huge permittivity in the way of defect dipoles repositioning under charge carrier hopping. The charge localization in a specific copper-oxygen vacancy defect complex is the reason of the huge and stable permittivity and low dielectric loss in the middle temperature range, 90 K-200 K (20 Hz), while the implementation of the large barrier layer height needs a contribution by the titanium oxygen vacancy related trap charges in the grain boundaries, which also lead to a second permittivity stable range in a higher temperature range 200 K–300 K.     

Development of catalysts based on pyrovanadates for diesel soot combustion

Pyrovanadates of potassium and cesium were prepared and tested as catalysts for low-temperature combustion of carbon. Their catalytic activity was investigated by both temperature-programmed oxidation and thermogravimetric analysis and compared with that displayed by the metavanadates of the same elements, previously proposed as promising catalysts for soot combustion in diesel emissions. Pyrovanadates show an intrinsic catalytic activity noticeably higher than that of the corresponding metavanadates. In particular, cesium pyrovanadate is capable of lowering the ignition temperature of carbon down to 255°C and to provide a high combustion rate already at about 300°C. Such quite interesting results were confirmed in a pilot plant study on the performance of -Al₂O₃ ceramic foam traps whose pore walls had been lined with catalysts based on either Cs meta- or pyro-vanadates, so as to enable trap self-regeneration by catalytic combustion of the filtered particulate.     

Improving the fill factor of N2200-based all polymer solar cells by introducing EPPDI as a solid additive

A cheap and commercially available small molecule (namely EPPDI) is introduced to the active layer of N2200-based all polymer solar cells as a solid additive. EPPDI at the optimal ratio can improve the D-A nano-scale morphology and reduce trap density of the active layer by filling morphological spaces. As a result, the photovoltaic performance of the resulting devices based on PF2:N2200 are increased from 6.28% to 7.03% with significantly enhanced fill factor. This work demonstrates a facile approach for improving the performance of all polymer solar cells.     

By-catch in the Saginaw Bay,Lake Huron commercial trap net fishery

This study provides species-specific catch and baseline mortality estimates of non-target species (by-catch) for the Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron commercial trap net fishery. By-catch can represent a significant mortality source that is often unknown. By-catch and by-catch mortality rates in the Saginaw Bay commercial trap net fishery, which primarily targets lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), are currently unknown. From May through August 2010, we observed onboard commercial trap net vessels and took species-specific counts of by-catch and estimated initial by-catch mortality (i.e., morbid or floating fish). The high levels of walleye (Sander vitreus) catch and mortality observed within inner Saginaw Bay have not been previously documented in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Walleye by-catch averaged 127.3 individuals per trap net lift and 42% of those caught were morbid. The levels of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) catch observed were within the range observed in previous studies, but mortality (percent) was higher than has been previously observed. Lake trout by-catch averaged 39.4 individuals per lift and 39.2% of those were morbid. Through the use of generalized linear models, this analysis also indicated factors that most influenced catch of non-target species including time of year and soak time (i.e., time interval between trap net lifts). Surface water temperature and trap net depth most influenced mortality. These results may inform fishers and fisheries managers and highlight the need for comprehensive by-catch monitoring throughout the Great Lakes.     

Optical and electronic property tailoring by MoS2-polymer hybrid solar cell

The ternary blend system such as binary donor and an acceptor or binary acceptor and a donor offers a way to improve the power conversion efficiency of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) by enhancing optical properties and electrical properties. In this work, PTB7, PC₇₁BM and Molybdenum disulfide nano-sheet (MoS₂NS) ternary blend system were investigated as an active material for OPV. The optimized ternary blend system showed increment of 17% power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.98% to 8.18%. The origin of improved PCE mainly arises from the significant increment in J_SC and marginal change in V_OC and FF. This improved PCE is due to increased light harvesting and improved charge carrier mobility in the active matrix. The marginal enhancement in V_OC and FF was correlated with the density of trap states (DOS) obtained from capacitance measurement of the device. The optical absorption and energy transfer mechanism of the ternary blend film is explained by absorption and photoluminescence measurement respectively. Further, the conversion efficiency due to improved charge carrier transport was described by modified SCLC mobility measurements for electron and hole only devices. The obtained result suggests that presence of MoS₂NS along with PTB7:PC₇₁BM binary system play dual role like an improved charge transport layer as well as light harvesting.     

Electrical and optical analyses of trapping phenomenon with temperature dependence of organic device

Carrier mechanism in actual organic devices is not simple, owing to the dielectric nature of active organic semiconductor layers, the complexity of the organic device interface, carrier trapping effects by stress biasing, and others. By coupling the conventional electrical measurement, e.g., current–voltage, capacitance–voltage and capacitance-frequency measurements, with optical charge modulation spectroscopy (CMS) measurement, we studied the hysteresis behavior and the temperature dependence of indium tin oxide/polyimide/6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene(TIPS-pentacene)/Au diodes to understand the effect of carrier trapping caused by injected carriers. The coupled electrical and optical measurements were very helpful to clarify carrier injection that was followed by carrier trapping in the diode, in terms of hysteresis behavior. CMS measurement was used to observe energetic states of carriers in TIPS-pentacene double-layer diode. Finally, the carrier mechanism in organic diodes was discussed by analyzing the diodes as a Maxwell-Wagner effect element.     

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川西坳陷上三叠统的勘探主攻目的层须家河组二段，其主要烃源岩为下伏马鞍塘－小塘子组。该套烃源岩沉积于浅海陆棚海湾环境，生烃岩石主要为海湾泥坪和滨岸沼泽相为主的泥灰岩，泥页岩。有机质类型以及I，Ⅱ型为主，生烃潜力巨大，最好的烃源岩可能位于龙山推覆带以下。须二段储层经历了印支晚期聚油和燕山中晚期裂解成气两个阶段。早期原油运移的有利指向是坳陷上倾斜坡，可形成成岩圈闭,岩性尖灭圈闭和构造成岩复合圈闭以及印支期古构造圈闭。须二段气藏勘探成败关键取决于圈闭类型研究和圈闭识别技术的突破。     

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章对圈闭评价和模糊数学的基本概念进行了介绍，详细地阐述了模糊数学在圈闭评价中的应用机理。在建立四川盆地部分已钻石炭系圈闭模糊评价样本的基础上对渝东地区石炭系圈闭进行了模糊评价，根据模糊评价结果优选出寨沟湾、复兴场、建南、中台子等为研究区最有利圈闭。同时模糊评价结论和渝东地区石炭系圈闭勘探结果是比较吻合的，这说明用模糊数学方法对渝东地区石炭系圈闭所进行的评价结论符合客观实际。