体外多酶级联反应体系高效合成莱鲍迪苷M

为建立体外多酶级联反应体系高效合成莱鲍迪苷M（Rebaudioside M,RM）,该文分别构建了含有甜叶菊来源的糖基转移酶UGT76G1和水稻来源的糖基转移酶EUGT11以及拟南芥来源的蔗糖合成酶SUS1的重组大肠杆菌,将甜菊苷经一锅法催化合成RM。为提升该体系中限速酶EUGT11的酶活,从而提升整个体外多酶级联反应体系的RM产量,本文将该酶表达质粒的T7启动子核心区域串联,并比较一重、二重、三重和四重启动子启动转录时该酶活性,当三重启动子启动转录时,重组酶EUGT11的酶活力最高,是一重启动子启动转录时的2.13倍,在酶活力配比为SUS1:UGT76G1:EUGT11/3 copies of T7=1:2:6.39的体外多酶级联反应体系中,RM产量为3.79 mmol/L,较酶活力配比为SUS1:UGT76G1:EUGT11=1:2:3的体外多酶级联反应体系中,RM的产量提升了2.35倍。该文成功建立了高效合成RM的体外多酶级联反应体系,为此后工业化酶法合成RM提供理论和数据支持。     

Selective Enrichment of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Their Mixtures Using Combined Chemical and Enzymatic Methods

The aim of this study was to selectively enrich t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) and c9,t11-CLA in commercial CLA mixtures using a combination of urea crystallization and lipase-catalyzed esterification. The objective of the urea fractionation is to remove saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) from the CLA mixtures. CLA-enriched free FA (FFA) mixtures containing 53.8 wt% t10,c12-CLA and 39.1 wt% c9,t11-CLA were produced from the CLA mixtures containing ~34 wt% each of the two CLA isomers by a urea crystallization using methanol and the urea-to-FA weight ratio of 2.5:1. The CLA-enriched FFA mixtures were partially esterified with dodecan-1-ol in a recirculating packed-bed reactor using an immobilized lipase from Candida rugosa to further enrich the t10,c12-CLA and c9,t11-CLA in an FFA fraction and an FA dodecyl ester fraction, respectively, under the optimal conditions, i.e., temperature, 20 °C; FA-to-dodecan-1-ol molar ratio, 1:1; water content, 2 wt% of total substrates; residence time, 5 min; and reaction time, 24 h (for t10,c12-CLA enrichment) and 12 h (for c9,t11-CLA enrichment). After the reaction, an FFA fraction with 72.6 wt% t10,c12-CLA was obtained. Another FFA fraction with 62.0 wt% c9,t11-CLA was recovered after the saponification of the FA dodecyl ester fraction. The yields of t10,c12-CLA and c9,t11-CLA in the FFA fractions were 43.6 and 21.5 wt%, respectively, based on their initial weights in the CLA mixtures.     

基于ZigBee及PSO-BP神经网络的温室温湿度检测系统

为了满足日益发展的农业技术需求,并提高温室系统温湿度检测的精度,本文设计了基于PSO-BP神经网络的温室无线温湿度检测系统.该系统硬件结构由基于CC2530芯片制成的开发板及SHT11温湿度传感器实现,在采集数据的过程中加入经粒子群算法优化（PSO）的神经网络,以此补偿检测过程的非线性误差.通过Matlab软件仿真可验证PSO-BP神经网络的补偿效果.在实验环境下,此系统运行正常.     

Consumption of c9,t11-18:2 or t10,c12-18:2 enriched dietary supplements does not influence milk macronutrients in healthy, lactating women

Substantial research suggests that the t10,c12–18:2, but not the c9,t11–18:2, isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces milk fat synthesis in lactating bovine and rodent species. Because fat is the major energy-yielding component in human milk, we were interested in whether this is true for women as well. Thus, the effects of c9,t11–18:2 and t10,c12–18:2 on milk fat were examined in breast-feeding women (n = 12) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with latin-square design. The study was divided into six periods: baseline (3 days), three intervention periods (5 days each), and two washout periods (9 days each). During each intervention period, women consumed 750 mg/day of a supplement containing predominantly c9,t11–18:2, t10,c12–18:2, or 18:1 (olive oil placebo). Milk was collected by complete breast expression on the final day of each period. Infant milk consumption was estimated by 24 h weighing on the penultimate day of each intervention and washout period, and maternal adiposity (% body fat) was determined at baseline using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Milk c9,t11–18:2 and t10,c12–18:2 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) during the corresponding CLA treatment periods as compared to the placebo period, providing strong evidence of subject compliance. Both CLA isomers were transferred into milk fat at relatively high efficiency; average transfer efficiency was estimated to be 23.3%. Compared to the placebo treatment, milk fat content was not reduced during either CLA treatment. Data indicate that body fatness did not modify any putative effect of isomeric CLA consumption on milk fat concentration. The evidence from this study suggests that the sensitivity of lactating women’s mammary tissue to an anti-lipogenic effect of the t10,c12–18:2 isoform of CLA may be less than previously hypothesized.     

变化条件下河堤防洪能力复核分析研究

构建了一维河道洪水模型,基于历史洪水率定的河道糙率,模拟了发生设计标准洪水时河道中洪水演进过程,并采用不同方法推求的水面线校核了模拟结果的合理性,分析模拟了水位与确保水位及堤高数量关系,讨论了滩地糙率对洪水位的影响.实例结果表明,石佛寺水库下游河道个别断面堤不能满足设计标准洪水的过流要求,需进行堤防加高处理,滩地糙率对河道行洪水位影响较大.     

基于MIKE11的太子河观-葠河段水文水动力模型研究

针对辽宁省太子河观音阁水库至葠窝水库河段水环境污染严重的现状,采用MIKE11软件构建了流域水文水动力模型,以流域水量平衡和枯水期流量拟合效果佳为原则,利用长序列逐日气象水文实测资料进行了参数率定及模型检验,并分析了参数的敏感性和取值合理性.结果表明,模型在率定期和验证期模拟效果均良好,可供水质研究及库群与闸坝联合调度方案研究参考.     

等温变形对异种钛合金焊缝组织性能的影响

通过改变等温变形工艺参数探讨了焊缝显微组织的变化机理与焊件的室温拉伸性能。结果表明:在较低应变速率下,以较大变形量变形时,焊接界面晶粒细化与位错切过晶界和晶内的O/α2相条及O/α2发生拉长、颈缩而断开的机制有关,变形量小时则主要以位错切断晶界及晶内O/α2条为主。应变速率低(10-4s-1)和高(10-2s-1)时,出现的粗细不同条状O/α2相是与动态再结晶的响应速率有关。在980℃,以10-2～10-4s-1应变速率和30%～50%变形Ti2AlNb/TC11双合金焊接接头,可得到高于TC11合金的室温强度。     

基于贝叶斯估计的起重机械主梁的可靠性预测

针对起重机械主梁工作环境的复杂性和在相同工作环境下可靠性数据不足的问题,将贝叶斯估计方法和数据拟合相结合,以主梁的退化量作为性能参数,建立了起重机械主梁在工作环境下的可靠性预测模型;利用贝叶斯估计方法最大限度地将工作现场数据和历史试验数据相结合,及时更新主梁在工作环境下性能参数的分布函数,进而估计工作环境下不同时刻主梁的可靠度,最后采用最小二乘法估计主梁的可靠性函数.预测结果表明,起重机械主梁失效满足参数为(9.290,225.9)的2参数威布尔分布,得到为了满足主梁98％的可靠度要求,最小的维修间隔周期为149天.     

Reply to the alternative optimal growth controls

Sasaki (2002) argues that: (1) “the agglomeration effect in the (Lai and Yang 2002, (L-Y)) paper is different from the introduction of urban production in Sasaki (1998)”; and (2) the “treatment of public good in the (L-Y) paper is strange,” because the public good provided by owner-residents is only consumed by renter-residents. This reply shows that (1) the agglomeration effect in the L-Y model catches the key results of urban production presented in Sasaki's model; and (2) both renter and owner-residents consuming the public good have been developed in this reply. However, the major conclusions of the L-Y model are still hold. Received: February 2001/Accepted: September 2001     

变形温度对TC11钛合金超塑性的影响

通过高温拉伸试验研究TC11钛合金在应变速率0.001 s~(-1)、变形温度810～1050℃的超塑性变形行为,并用金相显微镜和透射电镜对变形试样的微观组织进行观察和分析.结果表明,在β单相区,TC11钛合金不能呈现超塑性;而在α+β两相区的810～980℃温度范围内,TC11钛合金呈现出超塑性,且最佳温度在900℃附近,其最大延伸率为595%,此时的超塑性变形过程中有晶内变形、界面滑动、动态再结晶或扩散蠕变的参与,且界面滑动出现在α/β相界面.α相和β相的相对含量对超塑性有较大的影响,初生α相含量在70%附近时对应着TC11钛合金的最佳超塑性.