Deriving the priority weights from hesitant multiplicative preference relations in group decision making

In this paper, we investigate the deviation of the priority weights from hesitant multiplicative preference relations (HMPRs) in group decision-making environments. As basic elements of HMPRs, hesitant multiplicative elements (HMEs) usually have different numbers of possible values. To correctly compute or compare HMEs, there are two principles to normalize them, i.e., the α-normalization and the β-normalization. Based on the α-normalization, we develop a new goal programming model to derive the priority weights from HMPRs in group decision-making environments. Based on the β-normalization, a consistent HMPR and an acceptably consistent HMPR are defined, and their desired properties are studied. A convex combination method is then developed to obtain interval weights from an acceptably consistent HMPR. This approach is further extended to group decision-making situations in which the experts evaluate their preferences as several HMPRs. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity and applicability of the proposed models.     

Perceived urgency mapping across modalities within a driving context

Hazard mapping is essential to effective driver-vehicle interface (DVI) design. Determining which modality to use for situations of different criticality requires an understanding of the relative impact of signal parameters within each modality on perceptions of urgency and annoyance. Towards this goal we obtained psychometric functions for visual, auditory and tactile interpulse interval (IPI), visual color, signal word, and auditory fundamental frequency on perceptions of urgency, annoyance, and acceptability. Results indicate that manipulation of IPI in the tactile modality, relative to visual and auditory, has greater utility (greater impact on urgency than annoyance). Manipulations of color were generally rated as less annoying and more acceptable than auditory and tactile stimuli; but they were also rated as lower in urgency relative to other modality manipulations. Manipulation of auditory fundamental frequency resulted in high ratings of both urgency and annoyance. Results of the current investigation can be used to guide DVI design and evaluation.     

Levels of incomplete information in group decision models – A comprehensive simulation study

We present a comprehensive computational study on the effects of providing different forms of incomplete preference information in additive group decision models. We consider different types of information on individual preferences, and on weights of the group members, and study their effects on conclusiveness, efficiency and fairness of outcomes at the group level. Furthermore, we analyze possible violations of the axiom of independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) as well as the impact of problem characteristics, in particular initial agreement between group members. Our results indicate that providing information in the form of a ranking of differences between consecutive alternatives comes close to providing exact cardinal preference information in several outcome dimensions. However, group decision procedures based on incomplete preference information also show a significant amount of violations of the IIA axiom.     

An approach to group decision making with heterogeneous incomplete uncertain preference relations

For practical group decision making problems, decision makers tend to provide heterogeneous uncertain preference relations due to the uncertainty of the decision environment and the difference of cultures and education backgrounds. Sometimes, decision makers may not have an in-depth knowledge of the problem to be solved and provide incomplete preference relations. In this paper, we focus on group decision making (GDM) problems with heterogeneous incomplete uncertain preference relations, including uncertain multiplicative preference relations, uncertain fuzzy preference relations, uncertain linguistic preference relations and intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations. To deal with such GDM problems, a decision analysis method is proposed. Based on the multiplicative consistency of uncertain preference relations, a bi-objective optimization model which aims to maximize both the group consensus and the individual consistency of each decision maker is established. By solving the optimization model, the priority weights of alternatives can be obtained. Finally, some illustrative examples are used to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A distance-based aggregation approach for group decision making with interval preference orderings

Xu (2013) proposed a nonlinear programming model to derive an exact formula to determine the experts’ relative importance weights for the group decision making (GDM) with interval preference orderings. However, in this study, we show that the exact formula to determine the weight vector which always equals to w = (1/m, 1/m, … , 1/m)^T (m is the number of experts). In this paper, we propose a distance-based aggregation approach to assess the relative importance weights for GDM with interval preference orderings. Relevant theorems are offered to support the proposed approach. After that, by using the weighted arithmetic averaging operator, we obtain the aggregated virtual interval preference orderings. We propose a possibility degree formula to compare two virtual interval preference orderings, then rank and select the alternatives. The proposed method is tested by two numerical examples. Comparative analysis are provided to show the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种基于排列的(2,n)可视门限方案

像素扩展度和对比度是视觉加密方案中两个重要的指标，同时使二者达到最优在理论上是非常困难的。运用排列的方法设计出一种(2，n)方案，从理论上证明了其存在性，并给出了该方案的构造方法。软件仿真结果表明，该方案能够折衷考虑二者之间的矛盾，在像素扩展度较小的情况下，使对比度接近最优。     

基于图像纹理复杂度的小波域数字水印算法

针对水印信息嵌入量小、鲁棒性弱、遮蔽性差的问题,提出一种基于图像纹理复杂度的小波域人类视觉系统的水印算法。该算法将载体图像进行分块,计算每块的图像熵,并根据图像熵对载体图像的纹理特征区域进行分类,不同纹理特征水印的嵌入量不同。利用Logistic映射对水印信号进行置乱变换,将水印信号嵌入到二层离散小波变换的低频系数中,并利用小波域人类视觉模型控制水印的嵌入强度。在提取水印时,通过水印误码率和峰值信噪比评价水印质量。实验结果表明,该算法能抵抗噪声干扰、裁剪和密钥攻击,水印图像具有较强的鲁棒性和良好的遮蔽性。     

一种基于案例的多准则排序方法

针对带有间接偏好信息的多准则决策问题, 首先利用加性效用函数理论提出一种排序方法, 该方法通过构建一个简单的优化模型, 得到与间接偏好信息相容的各评价值的效用; 然后, 利用线性插值方法计算出剩下方案各评价值的效用, 进而得到所有方案的综合效用及排序; 最后, 通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.

     

无线交通灯远程监控系统设计与实现

以STC89C52作为系统控制器,远程PC机作为上位机,使用GTM900C作为系统的GPRS模块完成数据的无线传输;用户可通过手机短信获取远程数据,也可通过PC机上的监控界面获取数据和交通灯当前信息;系统实现了数据的稳定传输,准确显示,实时性强,为偏远地区的交通灯检修维护提供了一种方便的途径,具有很强的实用价值。     

Crystal Report在VB报表设计中的应用技巧

该文介绍了在水晶报表在Visual Basic6．0中应用,给出水晶报表在VB程序设计中的编程步骤,介绍了子报表在报袁设计中的应用．给出了报表设计中自动补空行的方法,并给出了公式字段和参数字段的使用技巧。文中以不同报表实例详细介绍了水晶报表在VB报表设计中的应用技巧。