Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of an alternating phenylenevinylene copolymer with substituted-triphenylamine units along the backbone for bulk heterojunction and dye-sensitized solar cells

We have fabricated bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices based on the as cast and thermally annealed P:[6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blends and found that these devices gave power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 1.15 and 1.60% respectively. P is a novel alternating phenylenevinylene copolymer which contains 2-cyano-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid units along the backbone and was synthesized by Heck coupling. This copolymer was soluble in common organic solvents and showed long-wavelength absorption maximum at 390-420 nm with optical band gap of 1.94 eV. The improvement of PCE after thermal annealing of the device based on the P:PCBM blend was attributed to the increase in hole mobility due to the enhanced crystallinity of P induced by thermal treatment. In addition, we have fabricated BHJ photovoltaic devices based on the as cast and thermally annealed PB:P:PCBM ternary blend. PB is a low band gap alternating phenylenevinylene copolymer with BF₂-azopyrrole complex units, which has been previously synthesized in our laboratory. We found that the device based on this ternary blend exhibited higher PCE (2.56%) as compared to either P:PCBM (1.15%) or PB:PCBM (1.57%) blend. This feature was associated with the well energy level alignment of P, PB and PCBM, the higher donor-acceptor interfaces for the exciton dissociation and the improved light harvesting property of the ternary blend. The further increase in the PCE with thermally annealed ternary blend (3.48%) has been correlated with the increase in the crystallinity of both P and PB. Finally, we used copolymer P as sensitizer for quasi solid state dye-sensitized solar cell and we achieved PCE of approximately 3.78%.     

CPFD flow pattern simulation in downer reactors

This study contributes with a computational fluid dynamic simulation based on the numerical solution of continuity and momentum balance equations in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) framework. The proposed down flow gas–solid suspension model includes a unit configuration and C_D drag coefficients recommended for these units. Computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) calculations using suitable boundary conditions and a Barracuda (version: 14.5.2) software allow predicting local solid densification and asymmetric “wavy flows.” In addition, this model forecasts for the conditions of this study higher particle velocity than gas velocity, once the flow reaches 1 m from the gas injector. These findings are accompanied with observations about the intrinsic rotational character of the flow. CPFD numerical 3‐D calculations show that both gas and particle velocities involve the following: (a) an axial velocity component, (b) a radial velocity component (about 5% of axial velocity component), and (c) an angular velocity component. The calculated velocity components and the rotational flow pattern are established for a wide range of solid flux/gas flux ratios. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1635–1647, 2013     

船用铸件化学成分优化

运用统计分析工具对GS20Mn5船用铸件化学成分与力学性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明:对于GS20Mn5材质,最佳的成分控制范围应为(质量分数,%):C=0.21~0.23,Si=0.40~0.60,Mn=1.25~1.45。     

Effect of Mg-based spherical quasicrystal on microstructures and mechanical properties of ZA54 alloy

To improve the strength,toughness and heat-resistance of magnesium alloy,the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA54 alloy reinforced by icosahedral quasicrystal phase(I-phase) particles were studied.Exceptα-Mg,φ-phase andτ-phase,MgZnYMn I-phase particles can be obtained in ZA54-based composites by the addition of icosahedral quasicrystal-contained Mg-Zn-Y-Mn master alloy.The introduction of MgZnYMn I-phase into ZA54 alloy has great contribution to the refinement of matrix microstructures and the improvement of mechanical properties.When the addition of Mg-based spherical quasicrystal master alloy is up to 3.5%(mass fraction) ,the macro-hardness of ZA54-based composites is increased to HB 68.The impact toughness of composites reaches the peak value of 18.3 J/cm2,which is about 29%higher than that of ZA54 mother alloy.The highest tensile properties at ambient and elevated temperatures with master alloy addition of 2.5%(473 K) are also obtained in ZA54-based composites with 3.5%(mass fraction) Mg-Zn-Y-Mn master alloy addition.The ultimate tensile strength of composites at ambient and elevated temperatures are 192.5 MPa and 174 MPa,which are 23.4%and 33.8%higher than that of ZA54 mother alloy,respectively. The improved mechanical properties are mainly attributed to the pinning effect of I-phase on grain boundaries.     

23MnNiMoCr54圆环链断裂原因分析

通过断口观察、显微分析方法并结合生产实际分析了23MuNiMoCr54钢圆环链生产过程中出现断裂的原因.结果表明:原材料的表面裂纹导致了链环出现分层状裂纹,闪光对焊的工艺参数不合理导致了链环的断裂.通过严格表面检验和合理的调整闪光对焊的工艺参数,可避免链环断裂的发生.     

高级链条钢23MnNiMoCr54质量研究

主要阐述高级链条钢23MnNiMoCr54的试制过程,通过合理的成分设计、采用先进的冶炼、加工工艺及合理的热处理,使链条钢的实物质量达到国外实物质量水平,顺利实现了高级链条钢的国产化.     

各向异性介质填充波导散射特性的三维54参量边缘元分析

本文将54参量边缘元和"边界行进"及Galerkin法相结合,分析了各向异性介质填充波导的散射特性.该方法有效地提高了计算精度和效率,明显地降低了对内存的需求,并消除了伪解.文中给出的计算实例,很好地证实了本文方法的这些优点.     

飞行管理计算机ATE综合测试系统设计

介绍了对飞行管理计算机进行自动测试的ATE8000系统。重点描述了系统的硬件组成及各部分功能、测试软件的组成、测试流程和实现方法。该系统较好地满足了测试手册的要求。     

Determination of C54 nucleation site density in narrow stripes by sheet resistance measurements and μ-Raman spectroscopy

The kinetic of the C49–C54 phase transformation at 730°C in TiSi₂ narrow strips for width in the 0.5–1.3-μm range was investigated by resistance measurements and μ-Raman spectroscopy. With this last technique a growth rate of 0.15 μm/s and a nucleation density of about 0.035 sites/μm² were obtained. The fraction of the transformed material as measured by resistance follows the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation, with an exponent equal to 1 for all of the analysed linewidths. Nucleation site saturation occurs and the growth is one-dimensional along the length of the strip. The characteristic time increases as 1/W, W being the width of the strip, and, taking into account the growth rate obtained by μ-Raman spectroscopy, the nucleation density resulted 0.034 sites/μm² in excellent agreement with the μ-Raman results.     

GS-DFB半导体激光器的光自注入技术

报道了一种光脉冲自注入的新方法 ,它能使增益开关 DFB激光器输出光脉冲的时间抖动从 5.7ps减小到 1.2 ps,分析了注入光延迟时间及功率对时间抖动的影响 ,指出为取得抑制时间抖动的最佳效果 ,必须选择合适的反馈光脉冲延迟时间和适当的反馈光功率。实验中观察到在增益开关 DFB激光器光脉冲建立期间注入反馈光时 ,输出光脉冲会发生严重畸变。