相空间重构中的K-L变换

在对单变量输出时间序列用延迟坐标状态空间法进行相空间重构基础上 ,提出对重构后的相空间再作K L变换的改进方法 .采用这种方法后 ,在保留原信号绝大部分能量的前提下 ,能够完全去除重构相空间中各个向量之间的相关性 ,更好地恢复原动力系统的特征 ,更多地体现出原信号所携带的信息 ,同时该方法还可以减少重构相空间的计算量 .     

From Reparative Surgery to Regenerative Surgery: State of the Art of Porous Hydroxyapatite in Cranioplasty

Decompressive craniectomy is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures, usually performed after neuropathological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), but also vascular accidents (strokes), erosive tumours, infections and other congenital abnormalities. This procedure is usually followed by the reconstruction of the cranial vault, which is also known as cranioplasty (CP). The gold-standard material for the reconstruction process is the autologous bone of the patient. However, this is not always a feasible option for all patients. Several heterologous materials have been created in the last decades to overcome such limitation. One of the most prominent materials that started to be used in CP is porous hydroxyapatite. PHA is a bioceramic material from the calcium phosphate family. It is already widely used in other medical specialties and only recently in neurosurgery. In this narrative review of the literature, we summarize the evidence on the use of PHA for cranial reconstruction, highlighting the clinical properties and limitations. We also explain how this material contributed to changing the concept of cranial reconstruction from reparative to regenerative surgery.     

基于稀疏重建的信号DOA估计

从稀疏信号重建角度提出了一种改进的波达方向(DOA)估计方法。由于最小冗余线阵(MRLA)能以较少的阵元数获得较大的阵列孔径,将MRLA与l1-SVD方法相结合估计信号的DOA。仿真结果表明,经多次实验验证,所提方法是有效的,相比l1-SVD方法可以估计出更多信源的DOA,并且可以用较少的阵元数估计更多的信源DOA,具有信源过载能力。     

Efficient visual communication channels

This paper compares the efficiency of uniform quantization in the spatial domain with frequency dependent quantization in the spatial frequency domain, in the context of the end-to-end performance of visual-communication channels. Results show that the minimum data density required for informationally lossless transmission depends on the design of the image-gathering device. The information in the acquired signal, not the energy, dictates the trade-off between data transmission and visual quality. Frequency dependent quantization that maintains the information capacity of the channel while reducing the entropy of the encoded signal, improves its information efficiency. Information bit-allocation is preferable for optimized visual communication for restoration, whereas energy bit-allocation can be used only for image reconstruction.This research was supported by NASA Task Assignment NAS1-18584-90 with the Department of Mathematics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529.     

跨尺度混合注意力的遥感图像超分辨率重建

为了解决现有遥感图像超分辨率重建模型对长期特征相似性和多尺度特征相关性关注不足的问题, 提出了一种基于跨尺度混合注意力机制的遥感图像超分辨率重建算法. 首先提出了一个全局层注意力机制(global layer attention, GLA), 利用层注意力机制加权融合不同层级的全局特征, 建模低分辨率与高分辨率图像特征间的长期依赖关系. 同时, 设计了跨尺度局部注意力机制(cross-scale local attention, CSLA), 在多尺度的低分辨率特征图中寻找与高分辨率图像匹配的局部信息补丁, 并融合不同尺度的补丁特征, 以优化模型对图像细节信息的恢复能力. 最后, 提出一种局部信息感知损失函数来指导图像的重建过程, 进一步提高了重建图像的视觉质量和细节保留能力. 在UC-Merced数据集上的实验结果表明, 本文方法在3种放大倍数下的平均PSNR/SSIM优于大多数主流方法, 并在视觉效果方面展现出更高的质量和更好的细节保留能力.     

基于相位过渡过程的WI语音重建方法

通过研究语音残差信号的合成方法,给出了一种改进的波形内插（Waveform Interpolation,WI）编码器语音重建方案,去除了解码器中特征波形（Characteristic waveform,CW）的对齐运算。在该方案中当帧间的基音周期连续变化时,语音残差信号由幅度谱和相位轨迹直接合成,而当基音周期发生跳变时,则利用相位过渡过程合成语音残差信号。该方法大大降低了WI解码器的复杂度,同时保证了合成语音质量没有变化。     

LRCRaft: 支持节点数据快速恢复的共识协议

在支持纠删码的分布式存储系统中, 最常用的编码是RS (Reed-Solomon)码. 对于一个RS(k, m)编码条带, 常见的配置是一个节点仅存储条带中的一个分片, 这导致在节点出现故障的情况下, 对其存储分片的恢复需要跨多个节点读取分片并重新编码生成恢复分片, 容易造成系统网络拥塞. 在需要恢复大量数据的场合, 系统在恢复期间会处于较长时间的脆弱期, 容错能力和吞吐量下降、读写时延升高时有发生. LRCRaft是一个基于LRC (local reconstruction code)的改进Raft共识协议, 通过在Raft中引入LRC码、动态日志增补、状态机删减和分片版本一致性等机制, 降低了Raft的读写时延, 缩短了节点故障恢复时间. 实验结果表明, 相较于Raft, LRCRaft在不同恢复模式中恢复一个单节点故障数据时, 恢复用时有着49.25%–74.97%的减少.     

Slicing Method for Reverse Engineering Based on Image Mosaic

Reverse engineering dealing with images is traditionally based on image processing and contour recognition. A new method is presented based on the combination of sectional slicing with image mosaic. Sectional contours of the target object are generated by colorful liquid or laser scanning, these images from different views are fused into a set of complete cross-sectional images, thereby the whole practical model is reconstructed in 3D space.     

近似最优正则化参数方法在电容成像图像重建中的应用

将基于近似最优正则化参数的Tikhonov方法应用于电容成像(Electrical capacitance tomography，ECT)图像重建以解决其中存在的病态性问题，并利用几种典型分布对该方法进行仿真测试。数值结果表明，在先验知识满足的条件下，近似最优参数法所找到的正则化参数是对最优正则化参数的较合理近似。在重建结果方面，基于近似最优参数的Tikhonov方法在不同的介电常数分布下与目前普遍采用的线性反投影算法(Linear back projection，LBP)各有优势。结果表明，该方法尚不能完全取代LBP算法，但能在一定程度上弥补LBP算法的不足。     

一种DWT与背景重构相结合的运动目标分割方法

针对视频处理中数据量大、消耗时间长的缺点,在假定"背景像素总是以较高的频率在图像序列中出现"的前提下,提出了一种新的运动目标分割方法。首先将待处理的视频图像序列经过DWT变换(Discrete Wavelet Trans-form)提取其近似分量,然后利用像素点聚类方法,结合双阈值和相似类合并,选择一段时间内频率出现较高的像素值来重构背景,最后借鉴图像匹配的评价标准来验证重构背景的准确性。实验结果表明,该方法能提取出较好的背景,从而实现对运动目标的高效且完整分割。