虚拟机在计算机实践教学中的应用

针对目前计算机实践教学中存在的问题,提出了一种虚拟机技术的解决方法。该方法不仅充分有效地利用现有设备,而且对硬件及系统具有很好的安全性,并能够增加学生的实践动手机会。教学上更加灵活、方便地设计实践项目,从而提高实践教学的质量。     

基于神经网络和支持向量机的电能质量组合评价

电能质量在当代越来越受到重视.根据电能质量的概述,提炼出电能质量评价指标体系,并基于组合评价的原理,运用BP神经网络和支持向量机对其进行评价,通过检验,证明了评价方法的有效性.     

基于改进的AdaBoost和支持向量机的行人检测

针对AdaBoost算法在训练样本和特征较多时训练时间过长的问题,提出了一种改进的AdaBoot算法与支持向量机组合的分类器.对多重分类器的输出结果以非线性的方式组合,采用交替的方式轮流对不同的特征进行学习,将多重分类器处理完后的结果作为另一种输入样本,再以一个分类器做一次分类.实验表明该算法用于行人检测可行、性能稳定.     

面向云计算数据中心的网络存储技术研究

分析了云计算数据中心的存储需求,探讨了NAS和SAN的工作机制,对其在虚拟机环境下的性能进行比较测试.实验表明,在虚拟机环境下NAS和SAN之间的性能差异小于10％,远小于传统应用环境中的性能差异.综合考虑存储系统的可扩展性、易管理性等多种因素,在虚拟机环境下使用NAS存储是更为合理的方案.     

Performance Evaluation Indicator (PEI): A new paradigm to evaluate the competence of machine learning classifiers in predicting rockmass conditions

To illustrate an unprejudiced comparison among machine learning classifiers established on proprietary databases, and to guarantee the validity and robustness of these classifiers, a Performance Evaluation Indicator (PEI) and the corresponding failure criterion are proposed in this study. Three types of machine learning classifiers, including the strictly binary classifier, the normal multiclass classifier and the misclassification cost-sensitive classifier, are trained on four datasets recorded from a water drainage TBM project. The results indicate that: (1) the PEI successfully compares the competence of classifiers under different scenarios by isolating the effects of different overlapping-degree of rockmass classes, and (2) the cost-sensitive algorithm is warranted to classify rockmasses when the ratio of inter-class classes is more than 8:1. The contributions of this research are to fill the gap in performance evaluations of a classifier for imbalanced training data, and to identify the best situation to apply this classifier.     

Artificial intelligence for BIM content management and delivery: Case study of association rule mining for construction detailing

The proliferation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications, in tandem with the extensive variation of building products, pose new demands on design and engineering firms to efficiently manage and reuse BIM content (i.e., data-rich parametric model objects and assembly details). Tasks such as classifying BIM objects, indexing them with meta-data (e.g., category), and searching digital libraries to load objects into models still plague practice with inefficient manual workflows. This research aims to improve the productivity of BIM content management and retrieval by developing an AI-backed BIM content recommender system. Using data from a case-study firm, this research extracted content from over 30,000 technical BIM views (e.g., plans, sections, details) in historical projects to build an unsupervised machine-learning prototype with association rule mining. This prototype explicated the strength of relationships among co-occurring BIM objects. Using this prototype as the backbone AI-engine in live BIM sessions, this research developed a context-aware recommender system that dynamically provides BIM users with a set of objects associable with their modeling context (e.g., type of view, existing objects in the model) and human–computer interactions (e.g., objects selected by the user). By mining association data from hundreds of historical projects, this development marks a departure from the existing prototypes that rely on explicit coding, recurring user input, or subjective ratings to recommend BIM content to users. The simulation and experimental implementation of this recommender system yielded high efficacy in predicting content needs and achieved significant savings in the time spent on conventional BIM workflows.     

基于改进粒子群优化和极限学习机的网络安全态势预测

针对网络安全态势预测模型预测精度不高、收敛较慢等问题,提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化极限学习机（IPSO-ELM）算法的预测方法。首先,通过改进粒子群优化（PSO）算法中的惯性权重和学习因子来实现两种参数随着迭代次数增加的自适应调整,使PSO初期搜索范围大、速度高,后期收敛能力强、稳定。其次,针对PSO易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种粒子停滞扰动策略,将陷入局部最优的粒子重新引导至全局最优飞行。改进粒子群优化（IPSO）算法既保证了全局寻优的能力,又对局部搜索能力有所增强。最后,将IPSO与极限学习机（ELM）结合来优化ELM的初始权值及阈值。与ELM相比,结合IPSO的ELM的预测精度提高了44.25%。实验结果表明,与PSO-ELM相比,IPSO-ELM的预测结果拟合度可达到0.99,收敛速度提升了47.43%。所提算法在预测精度和收敛速度等指标上明显优于对比算法。     

基于溶液图像时序特征的元素组分含量动态监测系统

针对稀土萃取过程中组分含量难以实时监测以及现有组分含量检测方法耗时、耗内存的现状,设计了一种基于溶液图像时序特征的元素组分含量动态监测系统。首先使用图像采集装置获取萃取槽体溶液的时序图像,考虑萃取液颜色特性和单一颜色空间的不全面性,采用主成分分析（PCA）方法在HSI和YUV融合的颜色空间提取图像的时序特征,并结合生产指标构造基于鲸鱼优化算法（WOA）的最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）分类器来对工况状态进行判断。然后当工况处于非最佳状态时,在HSV颜色空间对图像提取颜色直方图和颜色矩特征,并开发以溶液图像间的混合特征差值的线性加权值为相似度度量的图像检索系统,从而获取组分含量值。最后进行镨/钕萃取槽体混合溶液测试,结果表明该系统能够实现元素组分含量的动态监测。     

基于CNN和SVM的疲劳驾驶闭眼特征实时检测

针对现有疲劳驾驶检测方法中实时性和泛化能力不足的问题, 本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN)和支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)的疲劳驾驶闭眼特征检测方法, 使用CNN获取人脸相关特征点的位置并定位眼部感兴趣区域(Region Of Interest, ROI), 通过灰度化和直方图均衡化操作减弱光照差异的影响, 提取ROI的方向梯度直方图(Histogram of Oriented Gradient, HOG), 并用SVM对HOG进行分类, 相应的判断出原始图像是否包含疲劳驾驶闭眼特征. 本文给出了所提方法在PC平台和ARM平台实现的实时性验证, 在不同光照和背景条件下对多位受测人员进行测试, 实验结果表明该方法对疲劳驾驶闭眼特征检测准确率在94％以上, 处理速度满足实时性要求, 且具有较强的泛化能力.     

Autoencoder-based anomaly detection for surface defect inspection

In this paper, the unsupervised autoencoder learning for automated defect detection in manufacturing is evaluated, where only the defect-free samples are required for the model training. The loss function of a Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE) model only aims at minimizing the reconstruction errors, and makes the representative features widely spread. The proposed CAE in this study incorporates a regularization that improves the feature distribution of defect-free samples within a tight range. It makes the representative feature vectors of all training samples as close as possible to the mean feature vector so that a defect sample in the evaluation stage can generate a distinct distance from the trained center of defect-free samples. The proposed CAE model with regularizations has been tested on a variety of material surfaces, including textural and patterned surfaces in images. The experimental results reveal that the proposed CAE with regularizations significantly outperforms the conventional CAE for defect detection applications in the industry.