On the trade-offs of regulating multiple unpriced externalities with a single instrument: Evidence from biofuel policies

We develop an analytical and numerical model that integrates land, fuel, and food markets to evaluate the welfare implications of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). Each dollar reduction in the external costs of oil dependency comes at the expense of additional environmental external costs of $0.53. Conditional on the categories of external benefits we consider, the RFS fails a benefit–cost test when excluding the change in the trade balance, with net costs totaling $1.4 billion in 2015. Further, policymakers would have to value the external costs of oil dependency at $1.05 per gallon of gasoline in order for the RFS to pass a benefit–cost test, which is nearly five times larger than central estimates of the oil premium.     

浅析企业年金的激励机制

越来越多的企业把注意力转向了将企业与员工长期利益相结合,把员工老年生活保障和现实的工作挂钩,以此为基础建立企业的福利制度和激励机制,最终达到企业与个人共同发展、利益共享的目的.强化企业年金的激励效应,能有效促进企业年金的大力发展,实现国家、企业和个人利益统一的良性发展.     

网络技术进步的社会福利分析

本文通过构建一个包含消费者异质偏好和非对称兼容的网络竞争模型,依照网络厂商反应函数的不同特点将网络厂商划分为四种类型,通过模型推演,分别论证了"网络效应项技术进步"和"基本效用项技术进步"的社会福利影响,发现,两类网络技术进步的福利影响依照各自福利影响因数的不同而不同。以此为基础,本文阐述了政府面对不同类型的网络技术进步所应采取的规制对策。     

An analytic research on secondary-spectrum trading mechanisms based on technical and market changes

Because of increasing spectrum demand, the value of the spectrum resource has been increasing, and efficiency of spectrum usage has been an important issue in the wireless industry. Therefore, there have recently been many studies of changing the spectrum management framework based on market mechanisms. This research analyses three different mechanisms as alternative secondary trading frameworks: a brokerage mechanism, auction and direct trading, and suggests an optimal framework for secondary-use trading based on in-depth simulations that consider different attributes according to their technical characteristics and market changes. Based on the analysis, this study investigates economic values and competition environments of each alternative for secondary trading mechanisms.     

Efficient pricing for European electricity networks – The theory of nodal pricing applied to feeding-in wind in Germany

This paper applies nodal pricing as an economic approach to efficient use of electricity networks utilization for the fairly large German grid. We combine a straightforward welfare maximization with the technical specificities of electricity flows on a realistically large network. The nodal pricing model is applied in order to analyze the impact of extended German wind power production on the power grid. The paper shows that economic modeling, taking into account physical and technical constraints, makes important contributions to the assessment and optimization of system configuration and operation.     

Influence of chestnut tannins on welfare, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and lipid oxidation in rabbits under high ambient temperature

A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of chestnut tannins (CT) on welfare, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and lipid oxidation in rabbits under high ambient temperature. Rabbits in one group were raised at 20 °C and fed with basal diet (N) and other three groups (33 °C) were fed basal diet with 0 (C), 5 (CT5), and 10 g (CT10) of CT/kg of diet. Compared with the C group, rabbits in CT10 had higher pH₂₄ and lower cooking loss and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance values at 0, 30, and 60 min of forced oxidation. Rabbits in C group had higher cortisol levels, creatine kinase activities, white blood cell counts, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and lower T₃, T₄ levels, lymphocyte percentage than N and CT10 groups. Supplementation of CT seemed to have a positive effect on growth performance, welfare, and meat quality of rabbits under high ambient temperature.     

完美人生——徐州市儿童福利院的设计构想

儿童福利院的设计应建立在可持续发展的基础上,应该具有体现可持续价值观的福利院文化。结合徐州儿童福利院设计实例,对如何实现建筑与环境的和谐,在规划设计、功能分区、空间处理及新材料新技术应用等方面的有机结合,以及体现"以人为本"的设计思想,创造出合理的可持续的儿童福利院建筑等方面进行了有益的探讨。     

Fieldoffice Architects In Situ: Reflecting on the Rural-Urban Mix in Yilan,Taiwan

Yilan is generally considered a rural county with a city at its heart. Fieldoffice Architects, whose team live and work entirely in this area and are deeply immersed in its community, take a more holistic view. Their collaborative approach blurs the boundaries between rural and urban, with architecture and environmental design projects interconnecting to form part of a regional framework. Principal Sheng-Yuan Huang and Project Architect Yu-Hsiang Hung reflect on their practice.     

An Introduction to the Special Issue – The Big Society,Localism and Housing Policy: Recasting State–Citizen Relations in an Age of Austerity

Abstract

“The Big Society, Localism and Housing Policy” was the theme of a seminar series funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (2012–2014) in the UK. A collaborative venture between the Universities of St Andrews, Sheffield, Reading and Queen’s University Belfast – it brought together academics, policy-makers and practitioners from across the UK to critique contemporary political debates within the context of devolved policy-making in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The papers in this special issue emerged from that seminar series. Whilst the policy discussions that follow are very much UK focused, the wider narratives around localism, empowerment, citizenship and welfare reform have a much broader international relevance as this editorial introduction explains.     

The power of urban ethnic places: cultural heritage and community life

This article investigates the role of Expo 58, the first post-war world's fair, in the development of contemporary planning strategies for administrative and cultural complexes in Brussels. It argues that the Belgian government used this Mega Event as a catalyst for the construction of high-prestige buildings situated in a central zone within the capital. It examines the early planning initiatives of the government-commissioned Cité administrative and its connections with Expo 58, thereby highlighting the engagement of the Belgian Welfare State with modern architecture in the planning of prestige projects. This article thus argues for an understanding of the great event and the Cité administrative as part of the post-war government's ‘Exhibitionary Complex’, and using the case of Brussels suggests ways in which the impact of Mega Events could extend beyond their material remains.