精细控压压力平衡法固井技术的应用实践

精细控压钻井技术多用于解决同一裸眼油气井段存在多压力系统、窄安全密度窗口地层的安全钻进难题,其尾管固井作业若采用常规方法,在满足小间隙尾管固井顶替效率的前提下,施工过程中必然造成井漏;若采用"正注反打"工艺,固井质量又难以满足后期超深井试油工程的需要。为此,以四川盆地剑阁构造上所钻龙岗70井?114.3 mm尾管固井作业为例,探索精细控压压力平衡法固井技术在多储层、高低压互存、长裸眼段(859 m)中的固井应用。具体做法如下:①采取了确保水泥浆环空充填效率、固井施工全过程压力平衡等针对性的技术措施;②依靠精细控压钻井装置和中心管泵注加重钻井液的方式,精确控制环空压力平衡来降低钻井液密度,实现窄安全密度窗口地层的固井施工全过程井筒压力平稳。现场试验结果表明,该井?114.3 mm尾管固井质量良好,分阶段降密度期间喇叭口无窜流,试压合格。结论认为,该方法能够提高复杂超深气井尾管的固井质量,改善了后期高压气井试油安全作业的井筒条件。     

老井开窗侧钻水平井的尝试

本文介绍了老井开窗侧钻水平井的国外发展简况和国内的实施情况；根据大港油田集团公司１９９７年“九五”科研攻关项目所实施的第一口在φ１３９．７油层套管内开窗侧钻的小眼井、中曲率半径水平井官５０－９ＫＨ的实际施工情况，介绍了定向井技术在侧钻水平井中的应用，总结了侧钻水平井施工施工中注意的问题和对复杂情况的处理办法，对现场施工具有一定的指导意义。     

Conducting composites of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole), polypyrrole,and polyaniline with 13X‐zeolite

N‐vinylcarbazole (NVC) was polymerized by 13X zeolite alone in melt (65°C) or in toluene (110°C) and a poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PNVC)‐13X composite was isolated. Composites of polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline(PANI) with 13X zeolite were prepared via polymerization of the respective monomers in the presence of dispersion of 13X zeolite in water (CuCl₂ oxidant) and in CHCl₃ (FeCl₃ oxidant) at an ambient temperature. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analyses. Scanning electron microscopic analyses of various composites indicated the formation of lumpy aggregates of irregular sizes distinct from the morphology of unmodified 13X zeolite. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed some typical differences between the various composites, depending upon the nature of the polymer incorporated. Thermogravimetric analyses revealed the stability order as: 13X‐zeolite > polymer‐13X‐zeolite > polymer. PNVC‐13X composite was essentially a nonconductor, while PPY‐13X and PANI‐13X composites showed direct current conductivity in the order of 10^?4 S/cm in either system. However, the conductivity of PNVC‐ 13X composite could be improved to 10^?5 and 10^?6 S/cm by loading PPY and PANI, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 913–921, 2006     

In-vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of the cerebral microcirculation

Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to study the microcirculation of the brain neocortex in anaesthetized rats. After removal of the dura mater, implantation of a closed cranial window, and intravenous injection of fluorescein, three-dimensional reconstructions of cortical capillaries were performed down to a depth of 250 μm below the pial surface. Using a one-dimensional approach (single line scanning), erythrocyte (negative contrast in fluorescently labelled plasma) and leucocyte (labelled with rhodamine 6 G) velocity and supply rate in cortical capillaries were measured. The effect of CO₂-inhalation on capillary blood flow dynamics was studied. Capillaries were imaged continuously for up to 1 h without changes in flow or fluorescence pattern. However, by increasing the laser power 10–100-fold, aggregate formation was induced and capillaries were occluded, possibly due to damage to vascular endothelium. We conclude that CSLM can be used to study morphological and dynamic aspects of fluorescently labelled subsurface structures in organs of experimental animals.     

管线钢焊接局部脆化区的M-A组元

采用焊接热模拟、金相分析及透射电镜研究了X70管线钢焊接局部脆化区M-A组元的形态、数量、分布及在透射电镜下的精细结构、形貌特征.结果表明,粗晶区M-A组元以块状为主,有少量呈长条状.再热临界粗晶区的M-A组元数量急剧增多,基本都是狭长的长条状,分布比较密集,M-A组元相邻间距较小,平均弦长较大,为4.21 μm.透射电镜下条状M-A组元一般分布于贝氏体铁素体的板条界面处,块状M-A组元有的呈不规则形状,有的呈三角形.M-A组元中马氏体的精细结构为孪晶亚结构.     

X65MO海底管线钢包辛格效应研究

海底管线钢管强度是包辛格效应和形变强度共同作用的结果。采用MTS材料试验机、扫描电镜和透射电镜，研究了不同预压变形量下X65MO海底管线钢的包辛格效应。研究结果表明，预压变形量在0~0.85%时，包辛格效应占据主导作用，X65MO钢管的屈服强度较原料带钢的低，当预压变形量约为0.30%时，屈服强度下降值达到最大约30 MPa；预压变形量在085%~1.50%时，形变强化效应占主导作用，X65MO钢管的屈服强度较原料带钢的高。随着预压变形量的增加，X65MO钢晶粒内部形成的稳定位错亚结构增多，并且第二相粒子对位错钉扎作用更加显著，导致了宏观上钢管屈服强度的增加。     

纳米SiOx改性不饱和聚酯树脂

用纳米SiOx粒子对298#不饱和聚脂(UPR)进行增强、增韧改性，发现随粒子用量增加，树脂凝胶时间、粘度增大；粒子用量为0．5％时树脂有脆韧转变现象；用量为3％时，拉伸强度和断裂延伸率分别提高约33％和60％。用KH-570偶联剂进行表面处理有助于提高纳米SiOx粒子在UPR中的均匀分散。     

用窗口法在小存储器中实现DTW算法

动态时间规整DTW算法是一种运用动态规划原理计算时间矢量相似度的方法，在语音识别等领域有着广泛的应用。窗口法是针对DTW算法的特点，采用了动态高效的空间管理办法，解决了通常的DTW算法需要存储一个较大的矩阵，因而在存储空间有限的硬件系统中难以实现的问题，窗口法已经在实际系统中得到了应用。     

WLAN安全规范WPA的研究

随着WEP协议漏洞的不断曝光,安全问题已经成为无线局域网的最大挑战。首先简要介绍了WEP协议的缺陷,然后通过将WEP和WPA的比较,描述了WPA的框架,且详细分析了WPA中采用的核心技术,如TKIP、EAP、MIC、802．11X。最后介绍了WPA在企业级和家庭、SOHO不同场合的应用。     

提高微机变电站综合自动化系统抗干扰能力的几项措施

在微机变电站综合自动化系统中,为了保证数字信号处理子系统采集到的信号有精度的频率、相位和足够的幅度,采用实验的手法,去观察和分析传感器输出信号、前置放大电路输出信号、电压比较电路输出信号、系统电源输出电压的波形等.根据不同电路信号频率、幅度和相位的特点与实际需要,利用LC低通无源滤波器和乘法器方式的功率因数纠正电路来过滤采集信号中含的杂波.利用窗口电压比较器使采集信号幅度位于两个指定的门限(参考电平)之间.使用这些措施得到结果是微机变电站综合自动化系统处理信号能力更准确、更快、更安全、更稳定.