废旧锂电池中有价金属回收及三元正极材料的再制备

探讨了磷酸体系下不同因素对废旧锂电池正极材料中有价金属浸出效率的影响，结果表明：在浸出时间60min，反应温度60℃，磷酸浓度2mol/L，液固比20mL/g，还原剂(H₂O₂)体积分数为4%时，可得最佳浸出效果，Co、Li、Mn、Ni浸出效率分别可达96.3%、100%、98.8%和99.5%；浸出液添加相应比例金属离子，采用草酸共沉淀法制备前体材料(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)C₂O₄，并得到相应再生磷酸溶液。再生磷酸进行循环浸出实验，实验研究结果表明：循环浸出5次之后Li的浸出率仍可保持在90.1%，而Co、Mn和Ni的浸出率在75.0%以上。前体添加锂源Li₂CO₃煅烧合成Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料，考察了不同温度对Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料合成的影响，结果显示，当合成温度为800℃时，得到的材料性能最优良，初次放电容量可达136.4mA·h/g。在0.2C下经过50圈循环后容量保持率为97.2%。     

PEG1000强化钾盐催化硫醇β-羟乙基化反应

在常压、无溶剂条件下,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相转移剂,钾盐为催化剂,碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和硫醇(RSH)为原料合成了β-羟乙基烷基硫醚(RSCH2CH2OH).系统考察了PEG对不同钾盐在RSH的β-羟乙基化反应中的固/液相转移作用以及EC用量对RSCH2CH2OH选择性的影响.通过GC和GC-MS计算与测定RSH转化率、RSCH2CH2OH选择性和副产物.结果表明,PEG本身没有催化活性,与单独加入0.5％(以RSH物质的量为基准,下同)K2CO3相比,同时加入1.0％PEG和0.5％K2CO3可显著提高RSH转化率和反应速率.PEG相对分子质量<1000时,PEG对K2CO3催化活性的强化作用随着PEG链长度的增长而增强.RSCH2CH2OH的选择性随着EC与RSH物质的量比(≥1.02)的增大而降低,副产物为乙烯基烷基硫醚和乙二醇.无溶剂条件下,PEG的加入能有效打破钾盐催化剂与液相反应物之间的相界面限制,增强钾盐催化活性,缩短反应时间,提高产品收率.     

基于气体穿透效果数值模拟的气体辅助注射成型工艺优化

对气体辅助注射成型工艺进行分析，阐述了气体辅助注射成型的关键技术要求在分析熔料流动、气体穿透物理模型的基础上，探讨了气体辅助注射成型数值分析的实现原理运用MPI／Gas模块对一T型支架进行了气体辅助注射成型CAE分析，模拟不同工艺条件下的气体穿透效果，确定了合理的工艺参数。     

滇池环湖截污干渠错峰技术模拟与分析

为了实现滇池流域截污效果的最大化,基于前期建立的东岸排水管网SWMM模型,结合该区域1995-2016年间降雨资料,研究环湖截污干渠的错峰调蓄技术。根据雨水干渠液位高度执行不同控制模式:当水位低于6.76 m时执行典型污染物浓度阈值控制模式;当水位高于6.76 m时执行典型污染物阈值控制的同时执行液位-污染物通量控制模式。采用SS和TN作为干渠截流的典型污染物控制指标,其控制浓度阈值分别取12和5 mg/L。模拟重现期为0.5~1 a降雨时SS、TN浓度-负荷通量调蓄方案下干渠负荷收集情况,结果表明两种调蓄方案均能有效提高雨水干渠的负荷收集率,提高污水干渠出口浓度,降低雨水径流对污水厂的高水量和低浓度冲击负荷。随着重现期增大,干渠对污染物的高效和最大化收集效果越明显。但是TN调控下污染负荷收集效果优于SS,因此选择TN作为干渠截流的最优典型污染物控制指标。     

Preparation and rheology of polyamide-6/attapulgite nanocomposites and studies on their percolated structure

The polyamide-6/attapulgite nanocomposites were prepared via an in situ polymerization route with attapulgites pre-modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Morphology observation showed that the exfoliated attapulgite fibers were well dispersed in the polyamide-6 matrix on a nanometer scale and formed a percolation network structure. The rheological behaviors of such polymer/fibrous clay nanocompostie samples were investigated by an ARES rheometer with parallel plate geometry. The storage moduli (G′), loss moduli (G″), and dynamic viscosities of these samples increased monotonically with attapulgite content at low frequencies. The presence of attapulgites caused these nanocomposite melts to have solid-like behaviors and slower relaxation. This behavior can be explained in terms of the development of a grafting-percolated fibrous-silicate network structure. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the critical threshold for attapulgites fibers in 3D. The calculated critical threshold from simulations fitted the results of our rheological experiments very well.     

On the oxidative coupling of methane with carbon dioxide over CeO2/ZnO nanocatalysts

The nano-CeO₂/ZnO catalysts were prepared using a novel combination of homogeneous precipitation with micro-emulsion for oxidative coupling of methane with CO₂ as an oxidant. The prepared catalysts were compared with those prepared using the conventional impregnation. The catalysts prepared in two ways were characterized with FTIR, TEM, XRD and CO₂-TPD. The effects of the reaction temperature, the amount of ZnO doped in the catalysts and the average size were investigated. The experimental investigation demonstrated that methane conversion over the nano-CeO₂/ZnO catalysts prepared by the combined technique was higher than that obtained over catalysts prepared by the conventional impregnation. A better low-temperature activity has also been achieved over the nanocatalysts. There was no clear trend between the average size of nano-CeO₂/ZnO catalysts and their catalytic performance but methane conversion increased with increasing fractal dimension of nanocatalysts.     

萃取氧化法再生Pd/C催化剂的研究

通过甲醇用量、回流时间和硝酸浓度对催化剂活性的影响进行了讨论，研究了非那甾胺合成工艺中孕烯醇酮氢化Pd/C催化剂的再生方法。实验发现，对于1 g废Pd/C催化剂，以30 mL甲醇为萃取剂，回流萃取60 min，然后用35%的硝酸在80 ℃氧化30 min，可以达到满意的再生效果，新鲜和再生的Pd/C催化剂孕烯醇酮的氢化转化率分别为97.5%和98.5%。     

尼龙/聚丙烯合金的性能与制备

介绍国外各种尼龙/聚丙烯合金的性能和制备工艺。聚合物合金的相容性原理,以及PA/PP合金适用的各种相容剂。     

华润贵港5000t/d燃无烟煤生产线预分解系统的设计与工程应用

分解炉是烧成系统的关键设备，尤其是对于燃无烟煤的分解炉，既要保证无烟煤粉在炉内的充分燃烧．又要利于系统的操作控制。基于分解炉煤粉燃烧机理，并通过分析影响炉内煤粉燃烧的各种因素及依据所用无烟煤的热失重分析结果，中材国际南京水泥设计研究院开发设计出了用于华润贵港5000砌工程的喷旋管道式在线分解炉，并与高效、低阻、防堵的旋风预热系统组成了性能优异的预分解系统。从实际运行情况看，该预分解系统易于操作控制，且对物料适应性强、阻力损耗小。     

Study of the NOχ reaction with reducing gases on Fe/ZrO2 catalyst

The Fe/ZrO₂ catalyst (1% Fe by weight) shows a strong adsorption capacity toward the nitric oxide (at room temperature the ratio NOFe is ca. 0.5) as a consequence of the formation of a highly dispersed iron phase after reduction at 500–773 K. Nitric oxide is adsorbed mainly as nitrosyl species on the reduced surface where the Fe²⁺ sites are prevailing, but it is easily oxidised by oxygen forming nitrito and nitrato species adsorbed on the support. However, in the presence of a reducing gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, propane and ammonia at 473–573 K the Fe-nitrosyl species react producing nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and water, as detected by FTIR and mass spectrometers. The results show that nitric oxide reduction is more facile with hydrogen containing molecules than with CO, probably due the co-operation of spillover effects. Experiments carried out with the same gases in the presence of oxygen show, however, a reduced dissociative activity of the surface iron sites toward the species NO_χ formed by NO oxidation and therefore the reactivity is shifted to higher temperatures.