A kinetics formulation for low-temperature plasticity

The mechanism of low-temperature plastic deformation is controlled by thermally activated dislocation movements. An evolutionary constitutive law based on the principles of deformation kinetics is described in this article. The constitutive law is expressed with a sinh function designed for computational efficiency. It is derived from rigorously defined kinetics principles. The approximation involved in the sinh function is defined so that in applications an exact evaluation can be made of the validity limits. The system of the constitutive law and the external constraints lead to the operational equations. Applications are developed for constant strain-rate loading, constant stress-rate loading, stress relaxation, creep, and ratchetting processes. The analysis provides a unified treatment for low-temperature plastic deformation.     

船用中速柴油机定时齿轮罩壳均衡凝固工艺

通过对定时齿轮罩壳的结构分析,采用大孔出流理论设计浇注系统,根据均衡凝固有限补缩原理,设计出气冒口,实现薄壁壳体的浇口当冒口铸造工艺,提高铸件成品率,降低铸件的成本.     

Microstructure of reactive sintered Al bonded Si3N4-SiC ceramics

Aluminium nitride-silicon nitride-silicon carbide （AIN-Si3N4-SiC） composite ceramics were prepared to increase the bending strength and improve the phase structure of Si3N4-based ceramics. The ceramics were made by reactive sintering in N2 atmosphere at 1 360 ℃, using Al as sintering additive. The phase composing of ceramics was identified with an X-ray diffractometer and the microstructure of the materials was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the phase structure is affected remarkably and the interface modality is changed. The interface between Si3N4 and SiC becomes blurry and that between SiC and AlN matches more better at the same time. But the liquid-phase appears during the reactive sintering along with the addition of AI by which the melting point of Si is decreased. The appearance of liquid Si decreases the bending strength of the ceramics. Lower temperature nitrification technic was introduced to avoid the appearance of liquid-phase Si. The optimum addition of Al was investigated by XRD and SEM analysis in order to obtain the maximal bending strength of materials.     

Thermomechanical treatment of super high strength Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy

The microstructures and properties of Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy subjected to different heat treatments were examined by mechanical and electrical properties measurements, optical and transmission electron microscopes observation. The results show that the precipitation process during aging can be accelerated by the cold deforming before aging. As the Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy is subjected to solution treatment at 970 ℃ for 4 h, cold rolling to 60% reduction, and then aging at 450 ℃ for 60 min, its properties are σb=1 050 MPa, σ0.2=786 MPa, δ=3.2% and conductivity 27.9%（IACS）. The strengthening mechanisms of the alloy include spinodal decomposition strengthening, ordering strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The precipitation of the alloy is nano-scale Ni2Si phase.     

Energy transfer and frequency upconversion in Yb, Er co-doped sodium–lead–germanate glasses

Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ co-doped Na₂O–GeO₂–PbO glass suitable for developing optical fiber lasers and amplifiers has been fabricated. The energy transfer efficiency from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ was investigated in the glasses with different Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratios and the maximum energy transfer efficiency was found to be 67% at the Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratio of 5:1. Subsequently, the studies of upconversion emissions in the visible range were performed. An intense green together with a relatively weak red emission was observed under the excitation of 976 nm diode laser. The quadratic dependence of the green emission on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under a 976 nm excitation. However, for the red emission the slope of log-log plot of integrated intensity versus pump power declines with increasing Yb³⁺ ions content, indicating it is not resulted from a biphotonic process.     

Evaluation of high- temperature behavior of CMSX4 + yttrium single- crystal nickel- base superalloy

CMSX4 + Y, a highly strengthened rhenium-containing second-generation single-crystal nickel-base su-peralloy, has been studied by creep, low-cycle, and thermomechanical fatigue in the temperature range 500 to 1100 °C. The alloy exhibits good high-temperature mechanical properties that are superior or com-parable to other single-crystal superalloys. Thermomechanical fatigue resistance is equivalent to low-cy-cle fatigue and is cycle-shape dependent. High-temperature mechanical properties have been studied using life prediction relationships that are frequently used for creep and low-cycle fatigue data evalu-ation. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed that fracture induced by creep damage is internal and starts from pore-initiated cracks; however, fatigue damage starts on the external surface and propagates inward in stage II mode.     

Intermetallic phase formation in directionally solidified Al−Si−Fe alloy

The present study has been undertaken to better understand the solidification behavior of Al−Si−Fe alloys containing 7wt.% Si and 0.9wt.% Fe, with particular regard to the formation of phase during controlled solidification and influence of growth rates on intermetallic phase selection. The alloys studied were Al-7Si-0.9Fe alloys, which were produced by a modified Bridgman solidification arrangement. These alloys were solidified unidirectionally with different growth rates (1–30mm/min). The solidified microstructure of these alloys consists of the growth of primary aluminum and multiple second phase reactions.     

产业化影响下高校办学理念的思考

高等教育已经是一种产业，我们必须按产业化的规律来运作；高等教育是一种特殊的产业，我们必须凸现高等教育的特殊地位和特殊功能。以此为前提，在我们思考产业化影响下的高校办学理念时，应特别关注高等教育功能的前瞻性和先导性，强调以人为本，科学思维，体现哲学强校，在表述上要有特色和创新。     

40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢制零件磁痕显示分析

本文采用磁粉、X射线、CT和超声等无损检测和金相分析等方法对40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢制零件的磁痕显示进行了系统分析.研究认为,40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢制零件的磁痕显示为显微成分沿变形方向偏析导致的马氏体转变点Ms差异所致.显微成分偏析是钢锭结晶过程中不可避免的,但可通过优化熔炼工艺参数降低显微偏析的程度.本文还分析了四种磁痕显示的类型及其判别方法.