基于径向基函数的非线性系统近似偏最小一乘准则辨识算法

针对输入信号非线性相关的非线性系统,提出了基于径向基函数的近似偏最小一乘准则辨识算法。首先对观测数据矩阵进行列扩展,以径向基函数（radial basis function,RBF）网络的输出作为观测数据矩阵的扩展项,然后利用近似偏最小一乘算法对扩展的观测矩阵和输出矩阵进行线性回归。近似偏最小一乘算法用确定性可导函数近似代替残差绝对值,可以抑制对称α稳定（symmetrical alpha stable,SαS）分布的尖峰噪声。同时,通过主成分分析去除非线性系统数据向量矩阵之间的非线性相关,得出模型参数的唯一解。仿真实验表明,本文算法可以对输入信号存在非线性相关的非线性系统进行直接辨识,抑制了尖峰噪声对辨识结果的影响,具有优良的稳健性。     

三维大变形梁系统的动力学建模与仿真*

对三维大变形柔性梁系统的动力学建模和仿真进行了研究。采用绝对节点坐标法描述柔性体的大变形和大位移运动,并由此建立三维大变形柔性梁系统的动力学模型。在此动力学模型基础上,编制动力学仿真软件,实现了对三维大变形柔性梁系统的动力学仿真。给出了两个动力学仿真算例。第一个对柔性单摆自由下落进行了动力学仿真,并与现有文献结果相比较,验证了模型的正确性。第二个对空间柔性双摆的自由下落过程进行了动力学仿真,并将模型计算的结果与使用ADAMS软件计算的结果进行比较。研究结果表明,ADAMS在计算大变形物体动力学时具有局限性,而所得的模型能够有效地对三维大变形柔性梁系统的动力学进行仿真解决这类动力学问题。     

码垛机器人运动定位误差补偿

针对国产码垛机器人绝对定位精度不高的现状,以现有码垛机器人为研究对象,构建位姿误差模型,分析主要的误差来源.并根据实验实测数据与模型相结合的方法,给出误差补偿算法,实现定位精度的优化设计.     

钛酸盐陶瓷固化Sr2+核素的SHS热力学

探索采用燃烧合成(SHS)技术制备包容锶核素(Sr2 )的钛酸盐陶瓷固化体,根据自蔓延高温合成热力学分析,计算钛酸盐固化体的绝热燃烧温度Tad大于临界绝热燃烧温度,说明反应能自发进行并合成致密的CaTiO3固化体。     

Microstructure of Zn-2%Cu Alloy Under Laser Rapid Melting—Solidification

利用5kW连续波CO2激光器对Zn-2％Cu包晶合金进行了表面快速熔凝实验研究，扫描速率从6mm／s至1207mm／s．随着凝固速率的提高，该合金微观组织形态由低速平界面向层片状组织、浅胞晶直至高速绝对稳定平界面转变．实验结果表明，该合金微观组织演化规律与利用林鑫等的数值模型和Jackson—Hunt的共晶模型相结合所得到的界面响应函数作出的预测结果吻合较好．     

Jitter Tests and Studies for the Azimuth Axis of the TMT Tertiary Mirror System

太阳辐照度绝对辐射计的灵敏度研究与优化

衣小龙^1,2,方伟¹,骆杨¹,夏志伟¹,王玉鹏¹

（1. 中国科学院 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,长春 130033;

2. 中国科学院大学,北京100049）

创新点说明：

1）通过理论分析以及实验测量的手段,研究灵敏度非线性误差对太阳辐照度绝对辐射计测量精度的影响;

2）提出了太阳辐照度绝对辐射计的测量新方法,通过实时修正灵敏度补偿了灵敏度的非线性误差,从而提高测量精度。

研究目的：

目前太阳辐照度绝对辐射计的定标精度随光功率的降低而下降,本文主要研究目的是提高太阳辐照度绝对辐射计的测量精度,从而提高定标精度。

研究方法：

通过理论分析以及实验测量的路线研究灵敏度非线性,通过修正灵敏度误差提高太阳辐照度绝对辐射计的测量精度。基于两点插值原理提出优化的测量方法。在各个辐射功率下测量实时修正灵敏度,得到灵敏度非线性的相对系统误差为2.2%,分析灵敏度非线性的影响。同时使用新方法以及传统方法测量辐射功率。

结果：

比对实验结果说明新方法将测量精度提高到0.1%,通过实时修正补偿了灵敏度非线性。

结论：

1）新方法可以显著提高地面比对实验的定标精度;

2）灵敏度非线性研究为优化太阳总辐照度监测仪的在轨定标精度提供了理论和实验依据。

关键词：测量精度;绝对辐射计;辐射定标;太阳辐照度

     

基于SCAD-ESN的时间序列预测模型

回声状态网络（ESN）是一种重要的时间序列预测方法,但在训练数据存在噪声或野点情况下,ESN将会出现过拟合问题。针对该问题,提出基于平滑消边绝对偏离罚函数的回声状态网络（SCAD-ESN）模型。不同于在模型中加入岭回归、L₁范数罚函数及小波降噪等常规方法,该模型利用SCAD罚函数对变量进行选择,将小变量置为零以满足变量稀疏性,将大变量直接置为常数,从而能够很好地解决ESN过拟合问题并满足近似无偏估计。对于SCAD罚函数的非凸函数优化问题,提出基于局部二次近似（LQA）的求解方法,将最小角回归（LQR）方法用于SCAD罚函数求解,避免了计算量巨大的问题。使用基于粒子群优化（PSO）的超参数选取方法快速确定平滑消边绝对偏离-回声状态网络模型的超参数,克服利用经验选取超参数时存在的盲目性较大且难以确定整体最优的超参数问题。混沌系统数值仿真和网络流量仿真结果表明,相对于常规模型,该模型能有效地降低测试误差,从而克服过拟合问题。     

Liquid penetration length of heptamethylnonane and trimethylpentane under unsteady in-cylinder conditions

While strategies employing early or late direct-injection of fuel can improve emissions, they also can lead to impingement of liquid-phase fuel on the piston and/or cylinder wall due to low in-cylinder temperatures and densities during the injection event. Previous work has shown that liquid-phase fuel films formed in this way can lead to pronounced degradations in efficiency and emissions. To avoid these problems, a quantitative understanding of fuel-property effects on the liquid penetration length is needed, and this understanding must include conditions where in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions and the injection rate vary with time. This work reports liquid penetration lengths measured in an optical engine under such time-varying conditions. Diagnostics included laser light scattering for measurement of the liquid length and conventional pressure-data acquisition for heat-release analysis. Unsteady liquid penetration was characterized for different injection timings, injection pressures, intake-manifold pressures, and fuel volatilities to gain an understanding of the relative importance of these factors. Fuel volatility was studied by using two fuels, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP), which have very different volatility characteristics. Measured liquid lengths changed as in-cylinder conditions changed, with increasing temperature and density during the compression stroke causing a decrease in liquid length, and decreasing temperature and density during the expansion stroke causing an increase in liquid length. Intake-manifold pressure and fuel volatility were found to be primary factors governing liquid length. Heat loss from the charge gas to the engine and local charge cooling due to fuel vaporization were found to have a secondary influence on liquid length. Injection pressure was found to have little effect.     

Designing biomass supply chains within planetary boundaries

The design of sustainable supply chains, which recently emerged as an active area of research in process systems engineering, is vital to ensure sustainable development. Despite past and ongoing efforts, the available methods often overlook impacts beyond climate change or incorporate them via standard life cycle assessment metrics that are hard to interpret from an absolute sustainability viewpoint. We here address the design of biomass supply chains considering critical ecological limits of the Earth—planetary boundaries—which should never be surpassed by anthropogenic activities. Our method relies on a mixed-integer linear program that incorporates a planetary boundaries-based damage model to quantify absolute sustainability precisely. We apply this approach to the sugarcane-to-ethanol industry in Argentina, identifying the optimal combination of technologies and network layout that minimize the impact on these ecological boundaries. Our framework can find applications in a wide range of supply chain problems related to chemicals and fuels production, energy systems, and agriculture planning.     

求取压裂气井无阻流量的新方法

从气藏的渗流机理出发,剖析求取无阻流量一点法中系数a的含义及其影响因素。结果表明,对于常规径向渗流气藏,在某区块内取a为近似常数是合理的,它主要与地层平均地应力和渗透率有关。但对于压裂后的气井,系数a的含义发生了较大变化,除了通常的影响因素外,它与压裂裂缝的无因次导流具有密不可分的关系,不考虑此因素的影响将产生较大的误差。在此理论分析的基础上,以长庆某气田为例,拟合了a值与无因次裂缝导流能力的关系式,为压裂后气井无阻流量的计算开拓了新的途径。