Crack initiation and propagation induced by inclusions in a nickel-base P/M superalloy under fatigue load

1 IntroductionRecently the key components in advanced aircraftengines are widely made of nickel-base P/M super-alloy. However, non-metallic inclusions are intro-duced into this material during powder metallurgyprocessing. In industry, although many method…     

热处理对Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-X系合金性能的影响

研究了热处理对3种Ti-Al-Sn-zr-Mo-Si-X（X为ⅤB，ⅥB族一种或几种元素）系合金（A、B、C）室温拉伸性能的影响，对优化合金的热处理制度及优选热处理制度下3种合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为也进行了探讨。结果表明，优选热处理制度下A、C合金的裂纹扩展速率差别不大，B合金560℃时效处理后，裂纹扩展速率比540℃时效处理的小。在相同热处理制度下，比较3种合金裂纹扩展速率的结果表明，IgΔK在1．2～1．5范围内B合金的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能较优。     

高压粉末制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中28种组分

常规粉末压片制样是一种简单、高效的绿色环保制样技术,但是应用于某些沉积物样品制备存在样片表面粗糙和粉末容易脱落的问题。实验采用高于常规的压力进行样品制备,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析海洋沉积物样品中包括硫、氧化钠、氧化镁、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、氧化钙、二氧化钛、氧化锰、三氧化二铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钒、铬、镓、铌、锆、钇、锶、铷、铅、钡、镧、钕和铪在内的28种主、微量组分的方法。探讨了压力为300 kN和1 600 kN时的制样效果,并尝试引入BP神经网络模型利用其非线性拟合能力校正主量组分的基体效应。结果表明,采用1 600 kN压力制备的样片,表面致密、光滑、不龟裂和不掉粉,制样重复性和测试精密度也有较大提高。以55个有证标准物质中17种组分的数据集为训练样本,建立了海洋沉积物样品中主、微量组分的遗传算法-BP神经网络预测模型。按照实验方法对各组分含量相对较低的实际样品连续测试12次,计算得方法的检出限在 0.63～634 μg/g之间;精密度试验结果表明,各组分测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)为0.16%～25.1%。方法用于海洋沉积物实际样品分析,其分析结果与国标法的测定结果吻合,能够满足海洋沉积物样品中多种组分准确分析的要求。     

应变速率对中碳低温贝氏体钢强塑性的影响

摘要：为探索低温贝氏体钢的断裂行为,研究应变速率对低温贝氏体钢TRIP效应的影响,采用不同应变速率的拉伸试验对低温贝氏体钢的强塑性进行研究。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）等试验方法对低温贝氏体钢的微观组织、断口形貌及裂纹走向进行表征。结果表明,随着应变速率的提高,试验钢的屈服强度由771MPa上升至806MPa,抗拉强度由1554MPa上升至1606MPa,断后伸长率由13.5%下降至9.0%。主要原因是高应变速率拉伸引发的绝热温升抑制了残余奥氏体的马氏体相变,对试验钢塑性造成负面影响。     

CREEP CRACK PROPAGATION IN CONVENTIONAL CAST AND DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED SUPERALLOY RENE 80

The creep crack propagation in superalloy René80 of two different microstructures,i.e.,equiaxed grain structure by conventional casting and columnar grain by directionalsolidification,was investigated under static load at 1123 K.The creep crack growth rate,da/dt,seems to be correlated with the stress intensity factor,K.The creep crack growth ratein the directionally solidified alloy is lower than that in the conventional cast alloy,owing tothe elimination of transverse grain boundaries.The effect of microstructure on creep crackpropagation has also been discussed.     

热应力作用下碳化钨基钢结硬质合金梯形裂纹的形成机理

在自约束型热疲劳试验机上对碳化钨含量不同的钢结硬质合金进行了热疲劳试验，用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对热疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了研究。结果表明：在热应力作用下，不仅在合金的表面，在合金的内部都形成了“梯形”裂纹。这种形态的裂纹是由试样缺口处的热疲劳裂纹扩展而引起的，合金中的钢基体相阻碍裂纹扩展，而WC硬质相诱导裂纹扩展，这两种因素的综合作用促使热疲劳裂纹成“梯形”扩展。分析认为：使WC粒子在钢基体中均匀分布，提高钢基体的热疲劳抗力，从而来阻止梯形裂纹的形成，是提高碳化钨钢锆硬质合金抗热疲劳性能的有效途径。     

A fatigue-life prediction methodology for notched aluminum-magnesium alloy in gulf seawater environment

Local-strain and linear-elastic fracture-mechanics (LEFM) methodologies have been investigated for prediction of the corrosion-fatigue life of notched components of specially developed Al-2.5Mg alloys exposed to Arabian Gulf seawater environment. Corrosion-fatigue crack initiation life estimates were obtained using strain-life relationships; corrosion-fatigue crack propagation life estimates were obtained using LEFM relationships. The total corrosion-fatigue life was considered to be the sum of the crack initiation and crack propagation lives. Estimated corrosion-fatigue lives were compared with experimentally obtained corrosion-fatigue life data using center-notched specimens of three types of Al-2.5Mg alloys (containing different amounts of chromium) exposed to Arabian Gulf seawater environment. Two notch geometries, a circular notch (K _t= 2.42) and an elliptical notch (K _t= 4.2), were investigated. Good corrosion-fatigue life predictions can be obtained using local-strain and LEFM methodologies by determining the relevant material constants via a few simple fatigue tests on smooth specimens and a few crack-growth-rate tests in the environment at the frequency of interest.     

16Mn钢疲劳短裂纹扩展

用带有盲孔的16Mn钢小圆棒试样进行等幅加载的疲劳试验,研究盲孔边短裂纹的扩展。建立了短裂纹平均扩展速率、裂纹长和名义应力幅的表达式,分析考察了短裂纹扩展的统计规律,讨论了裂纹表面尺寸分布随疲劳循环数的演化情况。     

Modeling of stress ratio effect on Al alloy SAE AMS 7475-T7351: Influence of loading direction

The main goal of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of Walker’s equation in collapsing the fatigue crack propagation data of a SAE AMS 7475-T7351 aluminum alloy loaded either longitudinally (L-T) or transversely (T-L) to the rolling direction. T-L orientation testpieces presented lower ductility and fracture toughness values than L-T orientation. As a consequence, during the fatigue crack propagation tests, T-L testpieces exhibited a stronger influence of monotonic modes of fracture, resulting in higher Paris exponent values,m. Walker’s model was able to collapse fatigue crack propagation data of L-T test pieces at different applied stress ratios,R. However, for the T-L orientation, due to theR ratio dependency onm andC, simply averaging ofm values for the calculations of Walker’s exponent proved to be inefficient. A simple analytical procedure was proposed by the authors to modify Walker’s model to take into account such effect. For T-L test pieces, when Walker’s model is modified by considering both Paris’s exponent as well the coefficient as a function of theR ratio, the fatigue crack growth data collapses within a narrow band, thus allowing predictions to be made satisfactorily. The collapsed band is even narrower if the empirical relationm=a+blogC is used instead of simple polynomial equations due to a better correlation coefficient.     

铝元素的添加对锆基合金非晶形成能力影响的电子结构模型

通过构建非晶合金的团簇模型，利用离散变分法从电子层次研究了Al元素对Zr-Cu非晶合金中团簇稳定性的影响。结果表明，Al原子的引入提高了团簇中原子间的亲和力，并且随着Al原子数的增加，亲和力增大，导致新的团簇产生，从而破坏了非晶的团簇结构，Al含量对Zr-Al-Ni非晶合金的稳定性的影响可通过Fermi能级处的态密度大小来反映。