Nanoneedle Platforms: The Many Ways to Pierce the Cell Membrane

Establishing techniques to efficiently and nondestructively access the intracellular milieu is essential for many biomedical and scientific applications, ranging from drug delivery, to electrical recording, to biochemical detection. Cell penetration using nanoneedle arrays is currently a research focus area because it not only meets the increasing therapeutic demands of cell modifications and genome editing, but also provides an ideal platform for tracking long‐term intracellular information. Although the precise mechanism driving membrane penetration by nanoneedle arrays is still unclear, the low cytotoxicity, wide range of delivered materials, diverse cell type targets, and simple material structures of nanoneedle arrays make these splendid platforms for cell access. Here, the recent progress in this field is reviewed by examining device architectures and discussing mechanisms for nanoneedle penetration, and the major studies demonstrating the most general applicability of nanoneedle arrays, typical methodologies to access the intracellular environment using nanoneedles with spontaneous or assisted penetration modes, as well as biosafety aspects are presented. This review should be valuable for deeply understanding the materials fabrication principles, device designs, cell penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and application strategies of nanoneedle array‐based systems that are of crucial importance for the development of future practical biomedical platforms.     

Superparamagnetic Nanostructures for Off‐Resonance Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging

This study proposes a new method to generate positive contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using superparamagnetic contrast agents. Superparamagnetic nanostructures consisting of octahedron manganese ferrite nanoparticles embedded in spherical nanogels are fabricated using a bottom‐up approach. The composite nanoparticles are strongly magnetized in an external magnetic field and produce a unique NMR frequency shift in water protons, which can be demonstrated in MR spectroscopy and imaging to be different from the bulk pool. Moreover, the particles exhibit excellent colloidal stability in aqueous media and good cell biocompatibility. Hence, these particles are potentially useful as biomarkers by taking advantage of the positive contrast effects produced in MRI.     

基于开源技术的MVC框架的构建

为构建高效、灵活的Web应用系统,文中研究了当前流行的ExtJS和Spring MVC技术,提出了一种基于ExtJS、Spring MVC和Hibernate的MVC框架,该框架表现层使用JSP页面和Ext控件构建,控制层基于Spring MVC技术构建,持久层使用基于JPA的Hibernate实现,介绍了该框架的结构和运行原理,并以用户管理模块为例,详细介绍了该框架的实现。     

General overview of steady-state (small signal) stability in bulk electricity systems : A North American perspective

The most recent North American concepts of stability are discussed. Conditions in which problems of small disturbance stability have been encountered or have been noted to occur in North America, are then reviewed. Comments are made on small disturbance stability engendered by continuously acting, high gain, excitation systems, and this is followed by a review of analytical approaches considered pertinent to the study of this type of stability. The paper concludes with some specific examples of analysis applied to the Ontario Hydro bulk power system.     

Improving the Stability of Halide Perovskites for Photo-, Electro-, Photoelectro-Chemical Applications

Owing to their remarkable and adjustable optoelectronic properties, halide perovskites (HPs) have been regarded as a class of promising materials for various optoelectronic applications based on different energy conversion reactions, including photovoltaic cell, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. However, the low stability of HPs upon exposure to ambient conditions (e.g., water, heat, light, electricity) greatly hinders the practical applications of HPs. In the past few years, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the eventual stability of the perovskite-based optoelectronic systems, mainly focusing on delivering improvements in the stabilities of halide perovskite materials and the relevant operation conditions of optoelectronic systems, which deserve in-depth and systematic summaries. In this comprehensive review, the in-depth environment-induced decomposition mechanisms of typical HPs are elucidated. Simultaneously, the strategies for addressing the instability issues of halide perovskite materials are critically reviewed, including dimension control, compositional engineering, ligand passivation, and encapsulation engineering. Furthermore, the photoelectric applications based on the modified HPs and operation conditions are discussed systematically. In the last part of this review, future perspectives and outlooks toward the stability of HPs and their photoelectric applications are envisaged respectively.     

Summary of the First Generation High Temperature Superconducting Wire： Processing, Characterization and Applications

Silver-clad （Bi,Pb）2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10＋x long wires produced by powder-in-tube techniques, which have been recognized as the first generation of the High Temperature Superconducting （HTS） wires, are expected to apply widely especially in strong current applications. In this work, the processing, characterization and application of the silver-clad （Bi,Pb）2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ol0＋x HTS wires are summarized. The HTS wires are fabricated using the combination of powder-in-tube technique, and the resulting wires are fully characterized by the means of chemical analyses, microstructural observation, electrical and magnetic measurements. The relationship among fabrication parameters, chemical and microstructural characteristics, and electrical and magnetic properties are analyzed. Applications of the HTS wires have also been introduced according to their strong current behaviors with various prototype devices made.     

SOI技术及其发展和应用

绝缘衬底上的硅(SOI)技术被誉为"21世纪的微电子技术"。它可消除或减轻体硅中的体效应、寄生效应及小尺寸效应等。该文对注氧隔离、键合再减薄、键合和注入相结合及外延层转移等SOI的几种主流制备技术进行了概述,着重介绍了SOI在抗辐照、耐高温等高性能专用电路、光电子、微机械方面以及三维集成电路等领域的主要应用,最后讨论了近几年来SOI技术研究和发展的新动向。     

工作流技术及其应用研究

文章介绍了工作流技术及其发展历史,对工作流的系统模型进行了详细分析,探讨了工作流技术在企业管理信息系统中的实际应用。     

Antimicrobial Gallium‐Doped Phosphate‐Based Glasses

Novel quaternary gallium‐doped phosphate‐based glasses (1, 3, and 5 mol % Ga₂O₃) were synthesized using a conventional melt quenching technique. The bactericidal activities of the glasses were tested against both Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium difficile) bacteria. Results of the solubility and ion release studies showed that these glass systems are unique for controlled delivery of Ga³⁺. ⁷¹Ga NMR measurements showed that the gallium is mostly octahedrally coordinated by oxygen atoms, whilst FTIR spectroscopy provided evidence for the presence of a small proportion of tetrahedral gallium in the samples with the highest gallium content. FTIR and Raman spectra also afford an insight into the correlation between the structure and the observed dissolution behavior via an understanding of the atomic‐scale network bonding characteristics. The results confirmed that the net bactericidal effect was due to Ga³⁺, and a concentration as low as 1 mol % Ga₂O₃ was sufficient to mount a potent antibacterial effect. The dearth of new antibiotics in development makes Ga³⁺ a potentially promising new therapeutic agent for pathogenic bacteria including MRSA and C. difficile.     

A wireless brainwave-driven system for daily-life analyses and applications

Smartphones have become more popular in our lives. We will no longer need to use our hands to control phones to do such things as take pictures, switch music, or make phone calls in the future; we will use our brains: all that can be controlled with the use of brainwaves instead. In this study, we implement a novel system that contains the most commonly used functions of a smartphone, including camera use and music play, with an app that uses brainwave controls. In addition, we also provide an essential daily-use function which can remind us to concentrate when we drive, study, or do something important. Under the proposed system, when the wireless brainwave instrument is worn, brainwave signals transfer to the smartphone via Bluetooth automatically and execute the aforementioned functions. Experimental results indicate that the present system is effective and suitable for such applications in our lives. In the future, some more related applications will be developed with brainwave control for practical daily-life uses.