A Thermo-Mechanical Study of Some Epoxy Adhesives Subjected to Combined Dynamic and Static Stresses

The object of the present study was to investigate the effect of superimposed dynamic and static stresses on mechanical and thermal properties of some epoxy adhesives. It was found that combinations of shear creep and torsional oscillations, applied simultaneously to adhesive joints at temperatures within the glassy range of the adhesive, led to strengthening of the joints in shear and to an increase in the glass transition temperature of the adhesive. Similar loading stresses applied at temperatures close to the T_g of the adhesive, led to opposite effects on the above mentioned properties of the joints. The width of the glassy-rubbery transition of the adhesives increased, in the whole range of temperatures used in this study and for all epoxy compositions, as a result of subjecting the joints to superimposed dynamic and static stresses. The broadening of the glass transition was interpreted as a result of the stiffening of polymer network during the combined stressing experiments. A linear relationship was found between the area of endothermal peaks in the first DSC scan of specimens subjected prior to test to superimposed dynamic and static stresses at temperatures below T_g, and the shear strength of the joints. In agreement with this observation and with literature data, a linear relationship was revealed also between the glass transition temperature of the resins (measured in the first DSC scan) and the shear strength of the joints. Based on experimental observations and on some literature information, it was suggested that the strengthening of the joint, as well as the changes in thermal properties of the adhesives, are mainly due to physical processes, such as short-range orientation of network chains and an increase in intermolecular interaction between highly polar sites of the network. The possibility that superimposed stressing led to changes in chemical crosslinking was discussed but it seems that no such reactions occurred.     

生物质能利用技术的研究及发展

我国的生物质能资源主要是农业废弃物、禽畜类便和林业废弃物。生物质能的利用方式有:直接燃烧、产生沼气等可燃气、发电、转化为液体燃料和加工成高密度的固体燃料。文中对几种利用方式进行了讨论。     

Research progress on water resources management theory of “basing four aspects on water resources”EI北大核心CSCD

In order to implement the rigid constraint system for water resources and promote refined management of water resources, based on the analysis of the concept and notion of “basing four aspects on water resources” and the summary of the experience of water resources management, the basic theory and management guidelines for water resources control of “basing four aspects on water resources” are proposed. The latest progress of “ basing four aspects on water resources” is systematically sorted out, and it is pointed out that further research on the water resources control of “basing four aspects on water resources” should be deepened from the aspects of macro-system evaluation system construction, water resources optimization allocation model reconstruction, and refinement of water resources control system. © 2023, Editorial Board of Water Resources Protection. All rights reserved.     

Chemical dynamics at surfaces

The current status of molecular dynamics simulations of chemical processes at surfaces is assessed. Limitations of the method are discussed, and recent progress towards overcoming the limitations is described. The reliability and depth of understanding achievable through interplay between simulation and experiment is illustrated by a simple example, the trapping of Ar on a Pt(111) crystal surface. The prognosis for extending these techniques to chemically reacting systems in real environments is addressed.     

Low temperature adsorption of ethylene and butadiene on platinum and palladium surfaces: A theoretical study of the diσ/π competition

The different low temperature coordination modes of ethylene and butadiene on a platinum (111) face, (110) face and on a palladium (111) face are compared on the basis of extended Hückel calculations. The nature of the chemical interaction between the olefin and the surface is detailed and the electronic factors that govern the coordination mode of the hydrocarbon are underlined. The different surfaces are modelled by a 49 or a 44 atoms cluster. A correction is applied in the calculation in order to minimize the artefact introduced by this cluster representation of an extended surface. For the adsorption, the respective importance of two electrons interactions and four electrons repulsions is the key point for the determination of the preferred mode. The di- coordination is more stable on platinum (111) but on the platinum (110) face the coordination yields the same adsorption energy than the di- one. This is roughly the same result for the palladium (111) face. The mode is there favored by a decrease of the four electrons repulsions caused either by a smaller number of metal neighbours for the surface atom (Pt(110)) or by a reduced radial expansion of the metal orbitals (Pd(111)). This coordination is associated with a smaller hybridization of the ethylene molecule. The results are extended to the adsorption of butadiene and this allows a qualitative explanation of the better selectivity for butadiene partial hydrogenation on palladium compared with platinum.     

The mechanism of CO oxidation over Cu(110): Effect of CO gas energy

The effect of the temperature of gas phase CO upon the kinetics of the oxygen titration reaction: CO_g +O_a CO_2,g, has been studied. It is found that the reaction's rate is independant of CO gas temperature between 300 and 623 K. The activation energy (6.5 kcal/mole), dependence upon CO pressure (first-order), and independence upon oxygen coverage for 0.1 _o 0.4 are all independant of the CO gas phase temperature. This result rules out any Eley-Rideal type mechanism whereby CO reacts directly from the gas phase with an oxygen adatom without first being accommodated to the surface temperature in an absorbed state. The result is instead interpretable in terms of a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar Fellowship.     

智能农业除草机器人研究现状与趋势分析

智能农业除草机器人融合了环境分析、路径导航、视觉识别和运动控制等多种技术,是应用于精准农业中除草作业的智能机器人系统,作为农业机械化研究的热点备受国内外学者关注;对除草机器人的国内外研究现状进行了梳理,进一步分析了除草机器人的特点与优势;总结了除草机器人系统控制、移动导航和机器视觉等关键技术的研究进展,指出关键技术的发展前景与空间;结合除草机器人的技术研究特点与市场环境分析了其未来发展趋势;针对目前除草机器人存在的问题提出解决思路与研究方法,为除草机器人智能化、自动化和集成化发展研究提供理论参考.     

乌东德水电站表孔体型优化研究

乌东德水电站坝址处河谷狭窄,覆盖层深厚,施工详图设计阶段拱坝厚高比增加,表、中孔相对位置发生变化,存在表孔自由溢流水体击打中孔弧门、表中孔水舌碰撞后形成的横向溅水冲击透水边坡及水垫塘底板冲刷较深等问题。通过1〖DK(〗∶〖DK)〗50水工整体模型试验及方案比选,对表孔出口位置、型式进行了优化研究,使表孔水舌横向扩散,纵向分层明晰,表中孔碰撞消能后水垫塘底板冲刷轻微,边坡横向溅水强度基本与自然降水相当。研究成果可为工程设计及安全运行提供技术支撑。     

浅层地热在皖南古民居中应用前景探讨

本文主要以黟县地区水文和地质资料以及实地调研为依据,提出了井水直接供冷、水源热泵技术、土壤与空气直接换热供冷、农家乐水(地)源热泵系统三联供以及沼气池、太阳能、地源热泵综合应用的五种浅层地热利用在皖南古民居应用的原理以及实现的可能性,对今后皖南地区古民居的可再生能源的利用以及节能提供理论支撑。     

古建筑木构件残损特征及其内部空洞的应力波无损检测

为了更准确地掌握古建筑木构件内部残损状况,在大量现场调研的基础上分析木构件残损特征和主要残损部位,采用FAKOPP应力波对榆木试件采取逆向试验,研究在不同形状、大小的空洞下应力波对空洞面积、空洞形状、波速衰减的数字采集情况.研究结果显示:随着空洞的不断扩大,检测面积与实际面积之间的误差值逐渐减小,最小误差可达4％,此外两者之间存在显著线性关系.FAKOPP应力波对空洞形状的识别较弱,当空洞位置为中部时,将二维平面检测图与反映Va、Vb、Vc、Vd、Ve波速线形图进行综合分析有利于对内部孔洞形状的判定以及空洞面积的参考.其中以Ve路径的波速最为稳定,当空洞达到截面面积1/2时,对比完整试件其波速衰减最高可达51.16％.研究成果有利于古建筑进行预防性保护以及将检测方法由定性转为量化分析,为实际工程的修缮加固方案提供有效数据支持.