硫酸中Pb－PbO_2阳极的电催化性能

本文对铅及Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２在硫酸溶液中作为析氧阳极的特性进行了研究。考察了Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２阳极在２．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４中电解使用寿命，测定了铅和Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２阳极的极化曲线和电化学动力学参数（ａ、ｂ和ｉ０），结果表明Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２电极比铅电极的电催化性能优良。     

基于氧化石墨烯功能材料提高PEDOT:PSS电极性研究

基于聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PE DOT:PSS)/氧化石墨烯(GO)混合溶液,利用旋涂法制 备了高电导率透明阳极,并采用硫酸(H₂SO₄)浸渍处理的方式,使其导电特性进一步 增强。采用最佳方式 处理的PEDOT:PSS/GO混合薄膜在厚度为40 nm时,其方阻为80 Ω/□,在550 nm时的透过率达到87.7％。 基于表面形貌的AFM图,吸收光谱和拉曼光谱,在少量氧化石墨烯掺杂和硫酸处理后,PSS －和PEDOT⁺链 相分离,使得PEDOT:PSS的结构发生了变化,提高了混合薄膜的电导率。与ITO和纯PEDOT: PSS分 别作为阳极的OLED器件相比,采用优化的PEDOT:PSS/GO混合薄膜作为阳极时的OLED器件具有 最低 的启亮电压和最高的电流效率,其最大亮度是纯PEDOT:PSS作为阳极的OLED的1.7倍。较高 的透过率, 电导率和HOMO能级,尤其是表面形貌的改变都有利于PEDOT:PSS/GO阳极OLED器件性能的改善 。     

Outstanding Low-Temperature Performance of Structure-Controlled Graphene Anode Based on Surface-Controlled Charge Storage Mechanism

The energy and power performance of lithium (Li)-ion batteries is significantly reduced at low-temperature conditions, which is mainly due to the slow diffusion of Li-ions in graphite anode. Here, it is demonstrated that the effective utilization of the surface-controlled charge storage mechanism through the transition from layered graphite to 3D crumpled graphene (CG) dramatically improves the Li-ion charge storage kinetics and structural stability at low-temperature conditions. The structure-controlled CG anode prepared via a one-step aerosol drying process shows a remarkable rate-capability by delivering ≈206 mAh g^–1 at a high current density of 10 A g^–1 at room temperature. At an extremely low temperature of −40 °C, CG anode still exhibits a high capacity of ≈154 mAh g^–1 at 0.01 A g^–1 with excellent rate-capability and cycling stability. A combination of electrochemical studies and density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the superior performance of CG anode stems from the dominant surface-controlled charge storage mechanism at various defect sites. This study establishes the effective utilization of the surface-controlled charge storage mechanism through structure-controlled graphene as a promising strategy to improve the charge storage kinetics and stability under low-temperature conditions.     

Graphene Oxide‐Template Controlled Cuboid‐Shaped High‐Capacity VS4 Nanoparticles as Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries have attracted great attentions for large‐scale energy storage applications in renewable energy. However, exploring suitable anode materials with high reversible capacity and cyclic stability is still a challenge. The VS₄, with parallel quasi‐1D chains structure of V⁴⁺(S₂^2?)₂, which provides large interchain distance of 5.83 Å and high capacity, has showed great potential for sodium storage. Here, the uniform cuboid‐shaped VS₄ nanoparticles are prepared as anode for sodium‐ion batteries by the controllable of graphene oxide (GO)‐template contents. It exhibits superb electrochemical performances of high‐specific charge capacity (≈580 mAh·g^?1 at 0.1 A·g^?1), long‐cycle‐life (≈98% retain at 0.5 A·g?¹ after 300 cycles), and high rates (up to 20 A·g^?1). In addition, electrolytes are optimized to understand the sodium storage mechanism. It is thus demonstrated that the findings have great potentials for the applications in high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.     

胜利油田污水储罐腐蚀防护方法评价

对胜利油田纯粱采油厂A3钢制生产污水（水温约60℃）储罐使用寿命过低的原因进行了实验考察。水质分析数据表明氯离子浓度高（45-48gm）是污水腐蚀性强的主要因素。A3钢在60℃污水中的腐蚀速率，由极化曲线数据计算的值大大高于失重法测定值，敞开系统中失重法测定值又高于密闭系统中测定值，挂片上出现蚀孔，说明储罐中A3钢发生了氧存在下氟离子引起的局部腐蚀（孔蚀）。元素分析结果表明．储罐阴极保护所用的牺牲阳极铝材含铁等元素量超标。牺牲阳极密封不良，在实验污水中7天后电流效率仅为2．92％，失去阴极保护能力。处于实验污水环境中的有涂层保护的A3钢．14天后出现腐蚀极化电流，表明涂层已失去完整性。要提高该采油厂及胜利油田其他采油厂污水储罐的使用寿命，必须改用合格的牺牲阳极和保护涂层材料。图3表2参7。     

供水管线的强制电流深井式阳极阴极保护

通过对运行期已达20年的大口径水源管线追加强制电流深井阳极式阴极保护技术,解决了气阻等诸多技术难题,使全线达到了保护,延长了管线使用寿命,节约了大量资金。文章着重介绍了该项工程中深井阳极的选用依据,以及在设计和实施过程中对气阻问题及阳极地床填料选材等关键问题的解决方法。     

Al/SiO_2/Si表面Al_2O_3纳米图形的AFM阳极氧化制备方法

采用AFM阳极氧化方法,在控制AFM探针尖端电压和扫描方式的条件下,在Al/SiO2/Si表面制备了Al2O3纳米图形,图形最小尺寸为70nm.研究了表面吸附水层存在下AFM阳极氧化机理.实验结果表明AFM阳极氧化是制备金属氧化物半导体纳米器件的较好方法     

Plasma Enhanced Lithium Coupled with Cobalt Fibers Arrays for Advanced Energy Storage

Construction of high efficiency and stable Li metal anodes is extremely vital to the breakthrough of Li metal batteries. In this study, for the first time, groundbreaking in situ plasma interphase engineering is reported to construct high-quality lithium halides-dominated solid electrolyte interphase layer on Li metal to stabilize & protect the anode. Typically, SF₆ plasma-induced sulfured and fluorinated interphase (SFI) is composed of LiF and Li₂S, interwoven with each other to form a consecutive solid electrolyte interphase. Simultaneously, brand-new vertical Co fibers (diameter: ≈5 µm) scaffold is designed via a facile magnetic-field-assisted hydrothermal method to collaborate with plasma-enhanced Li metal anodes (SFI@Li/Co). The Co fibers scaffold accommodates active Li with mechanical integrity and decreases local current density with good lithiophilicity and low geometric tortuosity, supported by DFT calculations and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. Consequently, the assembled symmetric cells with SFI@Li/Co anodes exhibit superior stability over 525 h with a small voltage hysteresis (125 mV at 5 mA cm⁻²) and improved Coulombic efficiency (99.7%), much better than the counterparts. Enhanced electrochemical performance is also demonstrated in full cells with commercial cathodes and SFI@Li/Co anode. The research offers a new route to develop advanced alkali metal anodes for energy storage.     

Hydrated Bi-Ti-Bimetal Ethylene Glycol: A New High-Capacity and Stable Anode Material for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Potassium-ion batteries have emerged not only as low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, but also as high-voltage energy storage systems. However, their development is still encumbered by the scarcity of high-performance electrode materials that can endure successive potassium-ion uptake. Herein, a hydrated Bi-Ti bimetallic ethylene glycol (H-Bi-Ti-EG) compound is reported as a new high-capacity and stable anode material for potassium storage. H-Bi-Ti-EG possesses a long-range disordered layered framework, which helps to facilitate electrolyte ingress into the entire Bi nanoparticles. A suite of spectroscopic analyses reveals the in situ formation Bi nanoparticles within the organic polymer matrix, which can alleviate stresses caused by the huge volume expansion/contraction during deep cycles, thereby maintaining the superior structural integrity of H-Bi-Ti-EG organic anode. As expected, H-Bi-Ti-EG anode exhibits a high capacity and superior long-term cycling stability. Importantly for potassium storage, it can be cycled at current densities of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 Ag⁻¹ for 800, 700, 1000, and even 6000 cycles, retaining charging capacities of 361, 206, 185, and 85.8 mAh g⁻¹, respectively. The scalable synthetic method along with the outstanding electrochemical performance of hydrated Bi-Ti-EG, which is superior to other reported Bi-based anode materials, places it as a promising anode material for high-performance potassium storage.     

Hierarchical NiS2 Modified with Bifunctional Carbon for Enhanced Potassium‐Ion Storage

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are currently drawing increased attention as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the abundant resource and low cost of potassium. However, due to the large ionic radius size of K⁺, electrode material that can stably maintain K⁺ insertion/deintercalation is still extremely inadequate, especially for anode material with a satisfactory reversible capacity. As an attempt, nitrogen/carbon dual‐doped hierarchical NiS₂ is introduced as the electrode material in PIBs for the first time. Considering that the introduction of the carbon layer effectively alleviates the volume expansion of the material itself, further improves the electronic conductivity, and finally accelerates the charge transfer of K⁺, not surprisingly, NiS₂ decorated with the bifunctional carbon (NiS₂@C@C) material electrode shows excellent potassium storage performances. When utilized as a PIB anode, it delivers a high reversible capacity of 302.7 mAh g^?1 at 50 mA g^?1 after 100 cycles. The first coulombic efficiency is 78.6% and rate performance is 151.2 mAh g^?1 at 1.6 A g^?1 of the NiS₂@C@C, which are also notable. Given such remarkable electrochemical properties, this work is expected to provide more possibilities for the reasonable design of advanced electrode materials for metal sulfide potassium ion batteries.