论郑州市花园口灌区发展引黄供水事业的制约瓶颈及良策

花园口引黄灌区是郑州市的一座中型灌区,成立较早,灌区建设早期主要承担农业灌溉任务,随着城市化进程的加快,灌区同时承担龙湖调蓄池、三河一渠的供水任务。笔者通过研究近几年灌区发展状况,提出了七个制约灌区良性发展的问题,并针对问题,提出解决对策。     

干旱区滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特性研究

为了研究核桃树根系空间分布特性,本文使用分层分段挖掘法对干旱区滴灌方式下核桃树根系总根长、根重、有效吸收根根长的空间分布规律进行了研究。研究表明：核桃树根系总根长水平方向主要分布在0～120cm处,占其总分布的90．84％;垂直方向主要分布在0～90cm处,占其总分布的78．75％。根重水平方向主要分布在0～30cm处,占其总分布的52．49％;垂直方向主要分布在15～75em处,占其总分布的61．12％。有效吸水根根长在水平距离60cm和垂直深度60cm处为分布密集区。在距离树干水平距离60cm和垂直深度60cm附近的根区,应作为核桃树水肥管理的重点区域。     

淮南煤矿采煤沉陷区蓄洪除涝初探

目前我国对于煤矿采煤沉陷区的治理途径仅限于土地的复垦、深挖浅垫、开发湿地等手段,而利用沉陷区做蓄水区,发挥其蓄洪除涝作用的研究案例目前国内比较少见。本文针对淮南矿区的3个主要沉陷区进行了初步分析,摸清了沉陷区的动态变化规律,并预测出未来这些沉陷区的可蓄容积能够极大地缓解当地乃至淮河流域洪涝灾害的压力,同时可以充分利用雨洪资源提高供水保证率,对该地区的防洪除涝及水资源配置具有重大意义。     

中国西南易旱地区识别的探讨

利用中国西南地区13个气象站56年以上的长系列月降雨量资料,统计分析了降雨的多年变化、季节变化特征,以及连续少雨时间段事件,探讨了易旱区识别的定性定量分析方法,初步建立了气象易旱区识别指标及标准,将5个地区识别为易旱地区,5个地区识别为较易旱地区,3个地区识别为不易旱地区,将6个地区识别为易发长时间干旱地区,并对识别方法进行了讨论,为进一步的易旱区综合识别研究提出了建议。     

Discrete choice in commuter space: Small area analysis of diurnal population change in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region

Considerations of metropolitan commuting have often related to urban space as a continuum, and to commuting itself as a process. This approach has led to escalating complexity in the measurement, modeling and analysis of commuting, often with no commensurate results. The present study extends an alternative approach that considers commuter space of a metropolis as a discrete set of small areas. Each small area throughout the metropolis is a nighttime location of some households and, as a possible discrete destination choice of individuals within households, each subarea is also a daytime location of some persons. Each subarea, therefore, may be thought of as attaining two values, corresponding to its daytime (e.g., noontime) and nighttime (e.g., midnight) populations. The diurnal demographic shift of subareas, as a set of binary events, or toggles, between daytime and nighttime populations, is associated with commuter access throughout the metropolis. Diurnal shift offers structural simplicity aimed at estimating small-area daytime populations across a metropolitan region that might suitably precede and complement conventional continuum considerations of commuting. Using data for the Tokyo Metropolitan Region, we identify average household size as the nighttime indicator of small-areas, and daytime population density as their daytime indicator. The potential for the estimation of daytime populations across metropolitan regions where daytime population data are unavailable, is underscored by the clear tendency towards inverse relation of these two indicators of diurnal shift.     

Model experiment on anti-deformation performance of a self-supporting transmission tower in a subsidence area

A large number of high-voltage power transmission towers have recently been constructed in mining areas prone to subsidence.In order to ensure the safety of the transmission towers and the safe operati...     

宁夏寒冷地区骨干渠道砌护技术研究

对宁夏灌区骨干渠道砌护情况进行了调查,分析了渠道结构破坏的形式、部位与程度,并对不同边坡砌护结构、渠底砌护结构和防渗、保温、排水方式的组合进行了试验研究。提出了适合寒冷地区的骨干渠道砌护三类模式:现浇混凝土坡脚、预制混凝土板坡脚、格宾石笼坡脚。选用砌护结构形式,要先确定渠身地下水位变化范围、边坡地质岩性、挖方渠道周围水环境,还要兼顾工程投资能力。     

寒冷地区大型输水渠道管理

介绍了北疆某供水工程总干渠、戈壁明渠的病害形式,分析了产生病害的原因,并对窄深式渠道和宽浅式渠道、挖方渠道和填方渠道进行了安全对比,提出了自己对渠道线路选择和设计结构选择的认识,为今后大型渠道线路选择和设计提供借鉴。     

鄂西-湘西北地区铅锌矿矿源层对铅锌矿床产出定位的制约

自鄂西至湘西北一线,自北至南铅锌矿的产出层位逐渐抬高。通过对该区矿源层的分析研究发现,矿源层层位控制了铅锌矿的产出层位,北部鄂西地区矿源层为震旦系下统陡山沱组含泥碳质碎屑岩,南部湘西地区矿源层为寒武系下统牛蹄塘组含泥碳质碎屑岩。以地层不整合界面和盆地演化的充填系列为成矿单元,下部碎屑岩地层中的铅锌矿源层制约了上部碳酸岩地层中的铅锌矿的产出定位,矿床就位是热液、矿源层、导矿构造、储矿空间、屏蔽层等多因藕合、临界转换的结果,其成因为盆源热液矿床。