塔里木盆地顺北地区克拉通内走滑断裂带中-下奥陶统储集体方解石脉形成及其与油气充注耦合关系

塔里木盆地顺北油气田为克拉通内走滑断裂多期活动控制下形成的碳酸盐岩超深层油气田,不同断裂带及同一走滑断裂带不同分段的油气性质和油气丰度等均存在显著差异。基于岩心和岩石薄片观察以及阴极发光、微区原位微量元素-稀土元素、流体包裹体的系统分析,对塔里木盆地顺北1号和顺北5号走滑断裂带中-下奥陶统储集体中的裂缝脉体序次、成脉流体来源及其与油气充注耦合关系进行研究,并结合走滑断裂演化过程和油气分布特征,探讨了顺北地区油气差异聚集的控制因素。结果表明：顺北1号和顺北5号走滑断裂带中-下奥陶统至少发育4期方解石脉体（Cal-1,Cal-2,Cal-3,Cal-4）。Cal-1成脉流体主要为海源性流体,Cal-2,Cal-3和Cal-4成脉流体来源于同地层成岩流体。Cal-2,Cal-3和Cal-4脉体的形成分别与加里东晚期—海西早期、海西晚期—印支期、燕山期—喜马拉雅期构造活动和油气充注相伴生。不同断裂带油气充注过程存在差异,顺北5号断裂带主充注期为海西晚期—印支期,顺北1号断裂带主充注期为海西晚期—印支期及燕山期—喜马拉雅期。走滑断裂构造样式及演化历史控制下的油气差异充注过程是顺北地区油气差异聚集...     

水平井压裂微地震监测成果的不对称性分析

为了分析水平井压裂微地震监测成果的不对称性,为客观评价压裂效果提供依据,文中综合应用微地震监测、三维地震、录井以及压裂数据,紧密结合精细地质研究、工程设计,系统分析了54口水平井压裂的微地震监测成果,总结了导致水平井压裂微地震监测成果不对称的因素,取得如下认识：(1)导致水平井压裂微地震监测成果不对称的因素主要包括工程因素、地质因素以及完钻井分布等三个方面,其中地质因素具体包括天然裂缝、断层、岩性变化、地应力等;(2)天然裂缝、缝长距离内的完钻井会诱导压裂裂缝转向,并沿着裂缝集中发育区和完钻井周围延伸,在水平井两侧形成不对称的微地震事件分布;(3)断层对压裂裂缝具有诱导和屏蔽作用,压裂裂缝沿着断面延伸,微地震监测事件呈面状分布,压裂裂缝无法延伸至断层另一侧,形成远离水平井的单侧分布;(4)纵向隔夹层、横向的岩性变化会对压裂裂缝的延伸起控制和封隔作用,在很大程度上抑制了压裂裂缝延伸甚至无法形成裂缝,形成微地震事件在横向和纵向的不对称性;(5)当水平井与最大主应力方向不垂直时,微地震事件分布与水平段存在夹角,形成角度不对称。     

柴达木盆地涩北气田疏松砂岩气藏水气体积比及水侵预警

柴达木盆地涩北气田属于弱边水驱动的背斜型浅层疏松砂岩气田,采用衰竭式开采。根据水气体积比,其气藏生产过程可分为4个阶段,即低含水稳产阶段、初期水侵阶段、边水突破阶段和强水侵阶段。依照水气体积比变化,可以准确监测水侵的发生,水侵突破阶段可以作为预判边水大规模水侵的时间窗口,以调整开采方案,延长稳产期;高含水的强水侵阶段,生产周期较长,是带水开采提高采收率的重要阶段。     

海洋温差能发电冷水管涡激振动性能

以海洋温差能发电（Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion,OTEC）平台的冷水管为研究对象,根据结构方程和尾流振子方程建立冷水管流固耦合模型,采用有限元方法和 法对冷水管涡激振动（Vortex-Induced Vibration,VIV）进行时域分析,并在MATLAB软件中开发相应的求解程序。针对冷水管所面临的复杂工况,分别研究外部流场、内部流场、长径比和压载质量等因素对VIV产生的影响。结果表明：随着外流流速和长径比的增大,冷水管横流向VIV模态和振动幅值也发生相应改变,振动强度呈现波动上升;在不发生动态失稳的情况下,内流流速的增加可有效减小冷水管横流向振动幅值,压载质量可大幅减小冷水管自由端的振动位移。     

基于流固耦合的尼龙网流场特性及变形分析

考虑到柔性网衣在水流作用下易发生变形,会造成网箱有效体积减小并伴随网衣撕裂风险,因此研究网衣周围流场变化及网衣变形特性具有重要意义。基于剪应力SST k-ω湍流模型,结合ANSYS Workbench的单向流固耦合(Fluid-Solid Interaction, FSI)方法,将网衣所受压力作为输入载荷施加在平面网表面,研究在不同流速、网衣密实度和攻角情况下平面尼龙无结网衣的流场特性,对大变形非线性网衣结构的有限元模型进行分析。结果表明基于FSI的单向耦合数值模拟用于平面网衣变形及流场特性分析具有可行性,网衣造成的流速降低现象在不同攻角条件下的差异较明显。得到网衣水动力系数在不同流速、网衣密实度和攻角下的变化情况,以及平面网的等效应力分布特点和变形随攻角变化的特性,发现从网衣中心网线至边缘位置网线处的应力由大逐渐变小,最终在网线固定端附近发现应力最大位置。     

Non-coalescence and chain formation of droplets under an alternating current electric field

The dynamic behaviors of two droplets and droplet cluster under an alternating current (AC) electric field are investigated. Two droplets generally undergo transformation from complete coalescence to partial coalescence and finally to non-coalescence as the electric capillary number Ca_p increases. The critical electric capillary number Ca_pc for complete coalescence in the AC electric field remains unchanged and is twice as large as that in the direct current (DC) electric field when the frequency f ≥ 250 Hz. Charge transfer and reversal of electric field result in the reversal of the direction of electric force, which is the fundamental mechanism of non-coalescence of two droplets and chain formation in droplet cluster. The number of rebounds dramatically increases as f increases, promoting the stability of droplet chain. The droplet chains in the high-frequency AC electric field are longer and more stable than those in the low-frequency AC electric field.     

Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Time Domain Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid–Rich Linseed and Fish Oil Emulsions during Thermal Air Oxidation

Linseed contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as α-linolenic acid (> 50% ALA-18:3), that are naturally protected against thermal oxidation by their encapsulation within linseed oil bodies (OB) by multiple components including antioxidant proteins and mucilage emulsifying agents. Linseed OB emulsions (LSE) can be produced by grinding linseed seeds, adding water, adjusting pH, and sonication. This is a process that can encapsulate externally added PUFA to minimize their thermal oxidation, as it does for the intrinsic ALA PUFA. Fish oil (FO) encapsulation into this LSE platform to form linseed fish oil emulsions (LSFE) offers the possibility of a nutritive delivery system of the biologically essential FO PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, ¹H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) is used to characterize LSE's and LSFE's chemical and structural properties as well as their stability and changes under thermal oxidation (55 °C for 96 hours). ¹H LF-NMR data processing was developed to generate one-dimensional (1D) T₁ (spin–lattice), 1D T₂ (spin–spin), and 2D (T₁ vs. T₂) relaxation time spectra that can characterize OB emulsions and monitor their time domain fingerprints (spectrum peaks) of chemical and structural changes during the oxidation process. The ¹H LF-NMR analysis were further supported and correlated with conventional peroxide value test, self-diffusion, droplet size distribution, zeta potential estimation of surface stability, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acid profile changes under thermal oxidation conditions. The 1D and 2D LF-NMR relaxation spectra showed that the LSE and LSFE did not suffer intense oxidation process, due to PUFA assembly in OB oxidative protection. These results were further confirmed by the supportive analytical methodologies. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of ¹H LF-NMR methodology to monitor PUFA's rich oil and emulsion thermal oxidation.     

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with improved crosslink density,oxidation stability,and microbial inhibition by chemical crosslinking and tea polyphenols for total joint replacements

Highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stabilized by vitamin E (VE) is widely applied in artificial joints as the bearings. Despite the approval, there is a discord that VE lowers the crosslinking efficiency, limiting its use at high concentration. In this work, we aim to obtain highly crosslinked and oxidation resistant UHMWPE through the conjunction of tea polyphenol and chemical crosslinking. We hypothesized that highly incorporated tea polyphenol with multiple reactive sites can ameliorate crosslinking efficiency of chemical crosslinked UHMWPE in comparison to VE. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as representative tea polyphenol was incorporated into UHMWPE at high concentration (2–8 wt%), followed by chemical crosslinking with 2 wt% organic peroxide. Unlike VE/UHMWPE blends as the control, chemical crosslinking achieved an increasing trend in crosslink density of EGCG/UHMWPE blends with increasing antioxidant concentration. High concentration of EGCG also enhanced the oxidation stability of UHMWPE. Intriguingly, EGCG endowed UHMWPE with an excellent antimicrobial property, which was inefficient in VE/UHMWPE. Cell viability was hardly affected by the high loaded antioxidant and peroxide. The chemically crosslinked UHMWPE blended with EGCG is proved to be a reasonable, cost effective and realistic alternative for use in artificial joints.     

Effect of pH and zeta potential of Pickering stabilizing magnetite nanoparticles on the features of magnetized polystyrene microspheres

Styrene as a monomer was emulsified in water using several magnetite nanoparticles concentration and pH values. Emulsified styrene drops were used as templates for polymerization, in presence of water soluble free radical initiator, and formation of composite particles. Styrene template drops stabilization was verified by light as well as scanning electron microscopy imaging, which ensured the participation of the particles in building up a mechanical barrier to stop oil drops coalescence. Furthermore, the produced polystyrene composites were strongly attracted to an external magnet. The difference in particles size as a function of pH was elucidated using zeta potential measurements, which indicated dominance of pH on the hydrophilicity of the particles and consequently the extent of emulsification, which in turn affected the size of the obtained microspheres. Under some circumstances, capsules were formed instead of particles. Thereby, it can be concluded that the magnetic microspheres are optimally formed at pH 2.3 independently of the magnetite content used.     

电力系统参数空间暂态稳定边界构建及在线快速更新方法

为适应在线暂态稳定分析与控制,提出了一种电力系统参数空间中的暂态稳定边界构建及快速更新方法.对于给定的关键故障和既定故障前后的网络拓扑结构,首先,基于横向可扩展的宽度学习系统,构建了极限切除时间与电力系统参数之间的映射关系.为提高实际故障切除时间阈值附近的预测准确率,通过构建二次比例因子对临界误差进行修正.然后,结合预设故障切除时间阈值确定相应暂态稳定边界,并评估当前系统的稳定裕度.最后,在保证暂态稳定评估准确性的基础上,基于增量学习方法提出了无须重新训练全部网络的在线快速更新策略.通过对IEEE 39节点测试系统和中国南方电网实例系统仿真分析发现,所构建模型能够对系统暂态稳定性进行准确评估,并具有良好的泛化性能.同时,快速更新策略可在保证预测准确率的情况下,大幅减少模型更新时间,为在线暂态稳定评估提供了支撑.